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Ntsiab:

• degree ntawm teeb meem: ib qho yooj yim , medium , nyuaj , Nyuaj
• yuav tsum tau kev ua lej ( )
• yuav tsum tau cai ( )
• cov ntaub ntawv sau ( )
• kuv favorites ( )

1. [ ] Nyob rau hauv kev sib cav tiv thaiv cov Emotional Contagion xyaum ua tej yam, Kleinsman and Buckley (2015) wrote:

   "Txawm yog hais tias nws yog muaj tseeb hais tias cov kev txaus ntshai rau cov Facebook xyaum ua tej yam twb tsis muaj thiab txawm yog hais tias, nyob rau hauv hindsight, cov kev tshwm sim raug kev txiav txim los yuav pab tau, yog ib qho ntsiab cai tseem ceeb ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg ntawm no hais tias yuav tsum tau upheld. Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev uas tub sab tub nyiag yog nyiag tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi nqi uas muab kev koom tes, ces peb txhua tus yuav muaj txoj cai yuav tsum tsis txhob experimented rau tsis muaj peb kev txawj ntse thiab kev tso cai, txawm qhov ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb. "

   1. Uas ntawm ob raug cai coj los sib tham nyob rau hauv tshooj no-consequentialism los yog deontology-yog sib cav no feem ntau kom meej meej txuam nrog?
   2. Tam sim no, xav txog tej yam uas koj xav mus hais lus cam cov tiv thaiv no txoj hauj lwm. Yuav ua li cas yuav koj sib ceg rau hauv rooj plaub rau ib tug reporter rau lub New York lub sij hawm?
   3. Yuav ua li cas, yog hais tias tag nrho cov, yuav koj cav yuav txawv yog tias koj tau tham txog no nrog ib tug colleague?

2. [ ] Maddock, Mason, and Starbird (2015) considers rau lo lus nug ntawm seb soj ntsuam yuav tsum tau siv tweets uas tau raug deleted. Nyeem cov ntawv kawm kom paub txog rau tom qab.

   1. Tsom xam cov kev txiav txim siab los ntawm deontological foundations.
   2. Tsom xam lub caij nyoog txiav txim siab los ntawm ib tug consequentialist foundations.
   3. Uas cas koj nrhiav tau ntau pov nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no?

3. [ ] Nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv lub ethics ntawm daim teb thwmsim, Humphreys (2015) , npaj cov nram qab no hypothetical xyaum ua tej yam mus rau ntsiab lub koom txoj kev sib tw ntawm kev pab uas ua tau tsis pom zoo tso cai ntawm tag nrho cov uas raug ob tog thiab hais tias harms ib txhia thiab pab lwm tus.

   "Hais tias tug neeg soj ntsuam yog hu los ntawm ib tug txheej ntawm lub zej zog cov koom haum uas xav kom paub tseeb seb puas muab txoj kev teeb nyob rau hauv slums yuav txo phem. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb yaam kws yog cov criminals: nrhiav kev tso cai ntawm lub criminals yuav yuav nyuaj cov kev tshawb fawb thiab nws yuav yuav tsis tau dabtsi ntsiv anyhow (ua txhaum ntawm kev hwm rau cov neeg); tus criminals yuav yuav dais cov nqi ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tsis muaj benefiting (ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees); thiab yuav muaj kev tsis sib haum txog cov kev pab cuam ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb - yog hais tias nws yog zoo, tus criminals nyob rau hauv particular yuav tsis value nws (ua ib tug muaj teeb meem nrug muaj feem luj kev zoo). . . . Qhov tshwj xeeb teeb meem no yog tsis yog ib ncig ntawm lub kev kawm li cas los xij. Ntawm no tseem muaj yam uas tau mus uas tsis yog-kev kawm, yog tias piv txwv li criminals tawm tsam lub koom haum muab lub teeb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Lub koom haum yuav tau heev paub txog tej kev txaus ntshai, tiam sis yuav txaus siab ris lawv vim hais tias lawv erroneously muab txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob-nrhiav kev ntshaw ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam los ntawm muaj nplua nwj universities uas yog lawv tus kheej mob siab nyob rau hauv ib feem mus rau luam tawm. "

   1. Sau ib tug email rau lub zej zog koom haum muab koj koom kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov xyaum ua tej li tsim? Koj puas pab tau lawv ua cov xyaum ua tej yam raws li npaj? Yuav ua li cas yam tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam koj kev txiav txim siab?
   2. Puas muaj ib co kev hloov uas tej zaum yuav ua kom koj cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub ethics ntawm no sim tsim.

4. [ ] Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1970 lub 60 cov txiv neej tau koom tes nyob rau hauv teb xyaum ua tej yam uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej lub chav da dej ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub Midwestern ib feem ntawm lub US (cov kev soj ntsuam tsis rau npe rau lub tsev kawm ntawv) (Middlemist, Knowles, and Matter 1976) . Cov soj ntsuam ntawm twb xav nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas cov neeg teb rau kev ua txhaum ntawm lawv tus kheej qhov chaw, uas Sommer (1969) txhais tias yog tus "cheeb tsam nrog pom ib thaj tsam puag ncig ib tug neeg lub cev mus rau hauv uas intruders tej zaum yuav tsis tuaj." Dua, tus neeg tshawb fawb tau xaiv mus kawm yuav ua li cas ib tug txiv neej lub tso zis twb kev los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm lwm tus neeg nyob ze. Tom qab kev ib tug txhob txwm soj txoj kev tshawb no, tus neeg tshawb fawb ua ib daim teb xyaum ua tej yam. Cov neeg koom tau yuam kom siv rau sab laug-feem ntau urinal nyob rau hauv ib tug peb urinal chav dej (cov kev soj ntsuam tsis piav raws nraim li cas qhov no tshwm sim). Tom ntej no, cov neeg tuaj koom tau muab rau ib tug ntawm peb theem ntawm lus deb. Rau ib txhia txiv neej ib tug koom tes siv ib tug urinal txoj cai tom ntej no mus rau lawv, rau ib txhia txiv neej ib tug koom tes siv ib tug urinal ib qhov chaw deb ntawm lawv, thiab rau ib txhia txiv neej tsis muaj koom tes nkag mus hauv lub chav da dej. Cov soj ntsuam ntawm ntsuas lawv tau ntau yam-ncua lub sij hawm thiab persistence-by stationing ib tug kev tshawb fawb pab hauv lub tso zis tso Tub Ntsuag uas nyob ib sab mus rau lub koom lub urinal. Ntawm no yog yuav ua li cas tus neeg tshawb fawb tau piav qhov ntsuas txoj kev:

   "Ib tug observer twb stationed nyob rau hauv lub tso zis tso Tub Ntsuag tam sim ntawd uas nyob ib sab mus rau lub kev kawm 'urinal. Thaum lub sij hawm tsav kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov txheej txheem nws los ua tseeb tias hnov ​​cues yuav siv tsis tau rau lub teeb liab pib thiab cessation ntawm [tso zis]. . . . Es tsis txhob, nrig txog kev pom cues tau siv. Lub observer siv ib tug periscopic plaub imbedded nyob rau hauv ib pawg ntawm cov phau ntawv dag rau hauv pem teb ntawm lub tsev dej Tub Ntsuag. Ib tug 11-nti (28-cm) qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv pem teb thiab cov phab ntsa hauv lub tais plob Tub Ntsuag muab ib tug saib, los ntawm cov periscope, ntawm tus neeg siv lub sab npog tas ib ce thiab ua tau ncaj qha nrig txog kev pom sightings ntawm lub kwj ntawm cov zis. Lub observer, txawm li cas los, yog tsis pom ib tug kawm lub ntsej muag. Lub observer pib ob nres ua si thaum ib tug kawm tshaj mus txog rau lub urinal, nres ib tug thaum tso zis pib, thiab nres rau lwm thaum tso zis twb haujlwm. "

   Cov soj ntsuam ntawm pom tias tsis cev deb ua rau yus muaj zog ncua sij hawm ntawm pib thiab tsis persistence (Daim duab 6.7).

   1. Koj puas xav tias cov neeg koom tau mob los ntawm kev no xyaum ua tej yam?
   2. Koj puas xav hais tias cov kev soj ntsuam yuav tsum tau ua no xyaum ua tej yam?
   3. Yuav ua li cas hloov, yog tias muaj, koj yuav pom zoo kom los txhim kho lub koom tshuav nyiaj li cas?
   

   Daim duab 6.7: tau los ntawm Middlemist, Knowles, and Matter (1976) . Cov txiv neej uas tuaj rau hauv lub chav da dej tau muab tso rau ib qho ntawm peb tej yam kev mob: ze ze (ib tug koom tes tau muab tso rau hauv lub tam sim ntawd uas nyob ib sab urinal), mob loj tsawv deb (ib tug koom tes tau muab tso rau ib tug urinal muab tshem tawm), los yog tsis muaj koom tes siv ib tug urinal. Ib observer stationed nyob rau hauv ib tug tso quav tso Tub Ntsuag siv ib tug kev cai-los ua periscope soj ntsuam thiab lub sij hawm qhov kev ncua thiab persistence ntawm tso zis. Standard uas tsis nyob ib ncig ntawm kwv yees yog tsis muaj.

5. [ ] Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 2006, hais txog 10 hnub ua ntej mus rau lub ib tug thawj kev xaiv tsa, 20,000 tus neeg nyob rau hauv Michigan tau txais ib cov chaw nyob xa uas tsom lawv pov ntawv xaiv tsa tus cwj pwm thiab lub pov ntawv xaiv tsa tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg zej zog (Daim duab 6.8). (Raws li sib tham nyob rau hauv tshooj, nyob rau hauv lub US, lub xeev tsoom fwv yuav cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus neeg uas votes nyob rau hauv txhua kev xaiv tsa thiab cov ntaub ntawv no yog muaj rau cov pej xeem.) Qhov no xyov kev kho mob ua tus loj tshaj plaws ua rau puas tau pom li ntawd point rau ib daim xa: nws tau nce tus turnout tus nqi los ntawm 8.1 feem pua ntsiab lus (Gerber, Green, and Larimer 2008) . Yuav kom muab tso no nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus teb, ib daim mailings feem ntau tsim nce txog ib feem pua taw tes (Gerber, Green, and Larimer 2008) . Cov nyhuv yog li ntawd loj uas ib tug nom tswv operative npe Hal Malchow muaj Donald Ntsuab $ 100,000 tsis mus luam tawm cov ntawm qhov xyaum ua tej (tej zaum yog li ntawd Malchow yuav ua rau kev siv cov ntaub ntawv no nws tus kheej) (Issenberg 2012, p 304) . Tab sis, Alan Gerber, Donald Green, thiab Christopher Larimer ho luam tawm cov ntawv nyob rau hauv 2008 nyob rau hauv lub American Political Science Review.

   Thaum koj ua tib zoo tshawb xyuas lub mailer nyob rau hauv Daim duab 6.8 tej zaum koj yuav pom tias cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub npe tsis tshwm nyob rau hauv nws. Tiam sis, tus chaw xa rov qab yog Tswv yim Political Consulting. Nyob rau hauv lub lees paub rau tus ntawv tus sau phau ntawv piav qhia txog: "Tshwj xeeb ua tsaug mus rau Mark Grebner ntawm Tswv yim Political Consulting, uas tsim thiab muab cov ntawv xa tuaj pab cuam kawm ntawm no."

   1. Thov ntsuam xyuas kev siv ntawm qhov kev kho no nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov plaub raug cai hauv paus ntsiab lus nyob hauv tshooj no.
   2. Yuav ua li cas hloov, yog tias muaj, koj yuav pom zoo rau qhov no xyaum ua tej yam?
   3. Sau dlawb appendix uas yuav tshwm sim nrog daim ntawv no thaum nws twb luam tawm.
   

   Daim duab 6.8: Nyob Ze mailer los ntawm Gerber, Green, and Larimer (2008) . Qhov no mailer nce turnout nqi los ntawm 8.1 feem pua ​​ntsiab lus, qhov loj tshaj plaws cov nyhuv uas tau puas tau tau cai rau ib-daim mailer.

6. [ ] Tsev rau ntawm lub yav dhau los lo lus nug, thaum cov 20,000 mailers raug xa mus (Daim duab 6.8), raws li tau zoo raws li 60,000 lwm yam tsawg rhiab mailers, muaj ib tug backlash los ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, Issenberg (2012) (p 198) qhia tias "Grebner [tus thawj coj ntawm Tswv yim Political Consulting] yog tsis tau xam yuav ua li cas muaj coob tus neeg coj qhov teeb meem tsis txaus siab los ntawm lub xov tooj, vim hais tias nws chaw ua hauj lwm teb tshuab sau li ntawd sai sai uas tshiab hu twb tsis tau tawm lus. "Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, Grebner muab sau tseg tias backlash yuav tau txawm loj yog hais tias lawv tau scaled cov kev kho mob. Nws hais rau Alan Gerber, ib tug ntawm tus neeg tshawb fawb, "Alan yog hais tias peb tau siv tsib puas txhiab daus las thiab them tag nrho cov xeev koj thiab kuv yuav tsum tau nyob nrog Salman Rushdie." (Issenberg 2012, p 200)

   1. Puas cov ntaub ntawv no hloov koj cov lus teb mus rau lub yav dhau los lo lus nug?
   2. Yuav ua li cas cov tswv yim rau kev soj ntsuam txog nrog rau cov kev txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm uncertainty yuav koj pom zoo kom rau yav tom ntej kev tshawb fawb uas yog zoo?

7. [ ] Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, feem ntau raug cai sib cav tswv yim no tshwm sim txog kev tshawb fawb qhov twg soj ntsuam tsis muaj tseeb qhov kev tso cai los ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom (xws li, peb cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv tshooj no). Txawm li cas los, zoo sib cav tswv yim kuj tshwm sim rau cov kev tshawb fawb uas muaj tseeb paub tso cai. Tsim ib tug hypothetical txoj kev tshawb no qhov twg koj yuav tau muaj tseeb paub tso cai los ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom, tab sis uas koj tseem xav hais tias yuav unethical. (Hint: Yog hais tias koj yog tawm tsam, koj muaj peev xwm sim nyeem Emanuel, Wendler, and Grady (2000) .)

8. [ ] Soj ntsuam nyuaj rau piav qhia txog lawv cov cai xav mus txhua lwm yam thiab mus rau lub pej xeem. Tom qab nws raug sab ntawd saj, Ties, thiab lub sij hawm twb rov qhia, Jason Kauffman, tus thawj coj ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb pab neeg, ua ib tug ob peb pej xeem cov lus hais txog lub ethics ntawm peb tes num. Nyeem Zimmer (2010) thiab ces sau dua tshiab Kauffman cov lus siv tej ntsiab cai thiab raug cai coj uas yog piav nyob rau hauv tshooj no.

9. [ ] Banksy yog ib qho ntawm feem nrov kawm artist nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United Kingdom, thiab nws yog paub rau politically-taw qhia kom paub txoj kev graffiti (Daim duab 6.9). Nws leej yog leejtwg tiag, txawm li cas los, yog ib tug paub tsis meej. Banksy muaj ib tug tus kheej lub website ces nws yuav ua kom nws tus kheej rau pej xeem hais tias nws xav, tab sis nws tau xaiv tsis tau. Nyob rau hauv 2008 lub Txhua hnub Xa ntawv, ib tug ntawv xov xwm, luam tawm ib tsab xov xwm thov kev pab kom paub Banksy lub npe tiag tiag. Ces nyob rau hauv 2016, Michelle Hauge, Mark Stevenson, D. Kim Rossmo thiab Steven C. Le Comber (2016) sim kom paub tseeb no thov siv Dirichlet txheej txheem sib tov qauv ntawm geographic profiling. Dua, lawv sau lub geographic qhov chaw ntawm Banksy tus pej xeem graffiti nyob rau hauv Bristol thiab London. Tom ntej no, los ntawm searching ntawm qub ntawv xov xwm cov khoom thiab cov pej xeem pov ntawv xaiv tsa cov ntaub ntawv, Hauge thiab lug txhawb cov miv pom yav dhau los chaw nyob ntawm cov npe neeg, nws tus poj niam, thiab nws cov football (ie, ncaws pob) pab neeg. Tus sau lub ntsab lug nrhiav ntawm lawv daim ntawv raws li nram no:

   "Nrog tsis muaj lwm yam mob loj 'suspects' [sic] mus soj ntsuam, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau ua conclusive nqe lus hais txog Banksy yog leejtwg raws li tus tsom xam hais no, lwm yam tshaj li hais tias lub peaks ntawm lub geoprofiles nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si Bristol thiab London muaj xws li chaw nyob paub yuav txuam nrog [name redacted]. "

   Tom qab Metcalf and Crawford (2016) , kuv tau txiav txim siab tsis tau muaj xws li lub npe ntawm tus neeg thaum tham txog txoj kev tshawb no.

   1. Ntsuam xyuas txoj kev tshawb no siv tej ntsiab cai thiab raug cai coj nyob rau hauv tshooj no.
   2. Koj puas tau ua li cas txoj kev tshawb no?
   3. Tus sau phau ntawv nrhiav pov thawj txoj kev tshawb no nyob rau hauv cov abstract ntawm daim ntawv nrog rau cov nram qab no kab lus: "Ntau Benefit, cov tau txhawb yav dhau los cov tswv yim uas tus tsom xam ntawm me kev ua phem ntsig txog kev ua (xws li, graffiti) yuav siv tau los pab nrhiav neeg ua phem bases ua ntej loj tshwm sim tshwm sim, thiab muab ib tug fascinating piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov qauv mus rau ib tug complex, real-lub ntiaj teb no qhov teeb meem. "qhov no puas hloov tau koj lub tswv yim ntawm cov ntawv? Yog hais tias yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas?
   4. Tus sau phau ntawv muaj raws li nram no koom kev ceeb toom ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lawv daim ntawv: "Tus sau phau ntawv yog paub txog, thiab kev sib fwm ntawm, tus kheej ntawm [lub npe redacted] thiab nws cov txheeb ze thiab tau li tsuas siv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tsev sau. Peb tau txhob txwm tshaj tawm rho leej chaw nyob. "Qhov no puas hloov tau koj lub tswv yim ntawm cov ntawv? Yog hais tias yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas? Koj xav tias cov pej xeem / ntiav dichotomy ua kev txiav txim zoo nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no?
   

   Daim duab 6.9: Txoj kev kos duab los ntawm Banksy nyob rau hauv Cheltenham, England. Photo los ntawm Brian Robert Marshall. Tau qhov twg los: Wikimedia Commons .

10. [ ] Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nthuav tsab xov xwm Metcalf (2016) ua rau lub cav hais tias "laj mej pej xeem muaj datasets uas muaj ntaub ntawv tus kheej yog cov feem ntau nthuav kom soj ntsuam thiab feem ntau pheej hmoo ua mus kawm."

    1. Yuav ua li cas yog ob qhob piv txwv uas txhawb qhov kev thov?
    2. Nyob rau hauv no tib yam hauv tsab xov xwm Metcalf kuj pab leg ntaubntawv uas yog anachronistic muaj kev pov plob hais tias "tej ntaub ntawv raug mob twb tau ua los ntawm ib tug pej xeem dataset". Muab ib tug piv txwv ntawm qhov twg no yuav tsum muaj rooj plaub.

11. [ ] Nyob rau hauv tshooj no kuv npaj cov kev cai ntawm cov ntiv tes xoo tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yog muaj feem kheej thiab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yog muaj feem rhiab. Rooj 6.5 muab ib daim ntawv teev cov piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj tsis muaj obviously tus kheej paub ntaub ntawv tab sis uas yuav tseem yuav txuas mus rau cov neeg.

    1. De ob tug cov piv txwv thiab piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas lub tsib-anonymization nres nyob rau hauv ob leeg muaj ib tug zoo li tus qauv.
    2. Rau txhua txhua tus lub ob piv txwv nyob rau hauv ib feem (a), piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas rau cov ntaub ntawv yuav qhia rhiab cov ntaub ntawv txog cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub dataset.
    3. Tam sim no tos ib tug thib peb dataset los ntawm lub rooj. Sau ib tug email rau ib tug neeg xav tias yuav tso nws. Piav qhia rau lawv yuav ua li cas cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum muaj feem kheej thiab muaj feem rhiab.

    Rooj 6.5: Daim ntawv teev cov piv txwv ntawm kev sib raug cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj cuab tus kheej paub ntaub ntawv, tab sis uas yuav tseem yuav txuas mus rau cov neeg.

    Cov ntaub ntawv	citation
    Kev kho mob cov ntaub ntawv	Sweeney (2002)
    Credit card lw cov ntaub ntawv	Montjoye et al. (2015)
    Netflix movie ntsuam xyuas cov ntaub ntawv	Narayanan and Shmatikov (2008)
    Xov tooj meta-cov ntaub ntawv	Mayer, Mutchler, and Mitchell (2016)
    Nrhiav cav cov ntaub ntawv	Barbaro and Zeller Jr (2006)
    Pej xeem, kev, thiab kev sib raug zoo cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov tub ntxhais kawm	Zimmer (2010)

12. [ ] Muab koj tus kheej nyob rau hauv txhua leej txhua tus khau muaj xws li koj koom thiab rau tus pej xeem, tsis yog koj cov phooj ywg. Qhov no txim hluav taws xob yog illustrated nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov neeg Yudais Chronic Disease tsev kho mob (Katz, Capron, and Glass 1972, Ch. 1; Lerner 2004; Arras 2008) .

    Dr. Chester M. Southam yog ib tug txawv tus kws kho mob thiab tshawb nyob rau hauv Sloan-Kettering lub koom haum rau Cancer kev tshawb fawb thiab ib tug Associate xibfwb ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau Cornell University Medical College. Nyob rau Lub Xya hli ntuj 16, 1963, Southam thiab ob lug txhawb cov miv txhaj nyob cancer hlwb mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm 22 debilitated cov neeg mob uas cov neeg Yudais Chronic Disease tsev kho mob nyob rau hauv New York. Cov tshuaj yog ib feem ntawm Southam txoj kev tshawb fawb kom to taub lub cev ntawm to cov neeg mob. Nyob rau hauv ua ntej lawm kev tshawb fawb, Southam tau pom tias noj qab nyob zoo tuaj pab dawb tau yuav tsis tau txais txhaj cancer hlwb nyob rau hauv roughly 4 mus rau 6 lub lis piam, whereas nws coj cov neeg mob uas twb muaj mob cancer ntev npaum li cas. Southam xav seb tus ncua teb nyob rau hauv lub mob cancer yog vim hais tias lawv muaj mob cancer los yog vim hais tias lawv cov neeg laus thiab debilitated twb. Nyob rau tej yam no, Southam txiav txim siab los hno nyob cancer hlwb mus rau hauv ib pawg ntawm cov neeg uas twb laus thiab debilitated tab sis leej twg tsis muaj mob cancer. Thaum lo lus ntawm txoj kev tshawb kis, txhais nyob rau hauv ib feem los ntawm resignation ntawm peb cov kws kho mob uas tau hais kom koom, ib txhia ua kev sib piv mus rau lub Nazi Concentration Camp Thwmsim, tab sis lwm tus neeg raws li nyob rau hauv ib feem on tseeb los ntawm Southam-pom cov kev tshawb fawb unproblematic. Nws thiaj li, lub New York State Board of Regents saib cov ntaub ntawv nyob thiaj li yuav txiav txim siab yog tias Southam yuav tsum tau mus ntxiv rau kev xyaum tshuaj. Southam sib cav nyob rau ntawm nws tiv thaiv hais tias nws twb sawv nyob rau hauv "qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev lig kev cai ntawm lub luag hauj lwm soj ntsuam xyaum." Southam tus tiv thaiv tau raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm neeg pab leg ntaubntawv, uas tau tag nrho cov kev txhawb los ntawm ob peb distinguished cov kws txawj uas ua tim khawv rau nws sawv cev: (1) nws kev tshawb fawb yog siab scientific thiab cov kev nqis; (2) muaj tsis muaj appreciable txaus ntshai rau cov neeg; ib daim ntawv thov raws li nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm Southam 10 xyoo ntawm ua ntej kev uas muaj ntau tshaj 600 yam; (3) cov theem ntawm kev qhia tawm yuav tsum tau pauv tau raws li cov theem ntawm kev pheej hmoo nyiag ua los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb; (4) cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv conformity nrog rau tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kho mob xyaum nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm. Thaum kawg, lub Regent lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib cov pom Southam txhaum ntawm kev dag, kev ntxias, thiab kev coj cwj pwm unprofessional, thiab tshem tawm nws kho mob daim ntawv tso cai rau ib lub xyoos. Tsis tau, yog ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab, Chester M. Southam raug xaiv tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub American Association of Cancer Soj ntsuam.

    1. Ntsuam xyuas Southam txoj kev kawm siv cov plaub hauv paus ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv tshooj no.
    2. Nws zoo nkaus li uas Southam coj ntawm cov foundations hauv nws lug txhawb cov miv thiab yog xav tau li cas lawv yuav teb mus rau nws lub chaw ua hauj lwm; nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv ua tim khawv rau nws. Tab sis, nws yog tsis tau los yog tsis kam mus to taub yuav ua li cas nws kev tshawb fawb tej zaum yuav troubling rau pej xeem. Yuav ua li cas lub luag hauj lwm tsis koj xav hais tias pej xeem lub tswv yim-uas yuav yog cov los ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm cov neeg-yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ethics? Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum tshwm sim yog tias nrov lub tswv yim thiab cov neeg ib phaum lub tswv yim txawv?

13. [ ] Nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv hu ua "Crowdseeding nyob rau hauv Eastern Congo: Siv Cell Phones rau Sau teeb meem Txheej xwm ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm", Van ua dawb Windt thiab Humphreys (2016) piav qhia txog ib tug faib cov ntaub ntawv sau system (saib Tshooj 5) uas lawv tsim nyob rau hauv Eastern Congo. Piav yuav ua li cas tus neeg tshawb fawb hais txog nrog cov tsis meej txog tau harms rau koom.

14. [ ] Nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 2014, peb thoj zaum xa mailers rau 102,780 sau npe xaiv tsa nyob rau hauv Montana raws li ib feem ntawm ib tug xyaum ua tej yam los ntsuas seb cov neeg xaiv tsa uas yog muab cov lus qhia ntxiv yog yuav mus pov npav. Lub mailers-uas tau sau tias 2014 Montana General Election Xaiv Tsa Cov Ntaub Ntawv Phau Ntawv Qhia-muab tso rau Montana Supreme Court Ncaj Ncees sib tw, uas yog ib tug non-partisan xaiv tsa, rau ib tug scale ntawm mas mus conservative, uas muaj Barack Obama thiab Mitt Romney li kev sib piv. Lub mailer kuj muaj ib tug tu tub tu kiv ntawm lub Great Foob ntawm lub xeev ntawm Montana (Daim duab 6.10).

    Lub mailers generated kev tsis txaus siab los ntawm Montana xaiv, thiab lawv tshwm sim los Linda McCulloch, Montana tus Secretary of State, ua ntawv tsis txaus siab nrog rau Montana lub xeev tsoom fwv. Cov universities uas ua hauj lwm rau hauv lub soj ntsuam-Dartmouth thiab Stanford-xa ib tsab ntawv mus rau txhua leej txhua tus uas tau txais lub mailer apologizing rau muaj tej kev ntxhov siab thiab ua tseeb hais tias cov mailer "tsis yog affiliated nrog tej nom tswv tog, tus neeg sib tw los yog lub koom haum, thiab yog tsis npaj rau cawv tej haiv neeg. "Tsab ntawv kuj clarified tias cov qeb duas" cia siab rau thaum pej xeem cov lus qhia txog uas tau pub rau txhua tus ntawm cov campaigns. "(Daim duab 6.11)

    Nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 2015, lub Commissioner of Political Practices ntawm lub xeev ntawm Montana, Jonathan Motl, txiav txim hais tias tus neeg tshawb fawb ua txhaum Montana txoj cai: "Cov Commissioner txiav txim kom muaj cov lus tseeb los qhia hais tias Stanford, Dartmouth thiab / los yog cov kev soj ntsuam ua txhaum Montana phiaj los nqis tes xyaum kev cai yuav tsum sau npe, qhia thiab qhia tawm sab nraud siv nyiaj. "(txaus Nrhiav Number 3 nyob rau hauv Motl (2015) ). Lub Commissioner kuj pom zoo hais tias cov County Attorney soj ntsuam seb cov kev siv ntawm cov tsis tau tso cai siv ntawm lub Great Foob ntawm Montana txhaum Montana lub xeev txoj cai lij choj (Motl 2015) .

    Stanford thiab Dartmouth tsis pom zoo nrog Motl tus txiav txim. Ib tug Stanford spokeswoman npe Lisa Lapin hais tias "Stanford ... tsis ntseeg tej kev xaiv tsa kev cai tau ua txhaum" thiab hais tias lub chaw nyob xa ntawv "tsis muaj ib yam muab cov nyiaj qhia txhawb los yog tau tawm tsam txoj tej tus neeg sib tw." Nws qhia hais tias lub mailer ntsees hais tias nws "yog nonpartisan thiab tsis sau yuas tej neeg sib tw los yog tus sab nrauv. " (Richman 2015)

    1. Ntsuam xyuas txoj kev tshawb no siv lub plaub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab ob coj piav nyob rau hauv tshooj no.
    2. Xav hais tias cov mailers raug xa mus rau ib tug random qauv ntawm cov neeg xaiv tsa (tab sis xav paub ntxiv txog tias nyob rau hauv ib tug lub sij hawm ntawd), nyob rau hauv dab tsi tej yam kev mob yuav no xa tau hloov lub sij hawm ntawm lub Supreme Court Ncaj Ncees kev xaiv tsa?
    3. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub mailers twb tsis xa mus rau ib tug random qauv ntawm cov neeg xaiv tsa. Raws li ib daim ntawv qhia los ntawm Jeremy Johnson (ib tug nom tswv zaum uas tau pab nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb nrhiav), mailers "raug xa mus rau 64.265 cov neeg xaiv tsa uas txheeb tau tias yuav tsis nrug mus centrist leaning nyob rau hauv kev ywj pheej ntxhua cheeb tsam thiab 39.515 cov neeg xaiv tsa uas txheeb tau tias conservative rau centrist nyob rau hauv Republican leaning cheeb tsam. Cov soj ntsuam ntawm txoj kev txaus cai lub disparity ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab Republican zauv ntawm thaj av uas lawv xav tau turnout yuav ho qis cov kev ywj pheej xaiv tsa. "Qhov no puas hloov tau koj lub kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tsim? Yog hais tias yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas?
    4. Nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau qhov kev tshawb nrhiav, cov kev soj ntsuam hais tias lawv khaws no kev xaiv tsa nyob rau hauv ib feem vim hais tias "tsis hais plaub ntug haiv neeg tau zoo contested nyob rau hauv lub thawj. Raws li ib tug tsom xam ntawm lub 2014 thawj kev xaiv tsa tau nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm yav dhau los Montana hais plaub ntug kev xaiv tsa, tus neeg tshawb fawb pom tau tias cov kev tshawb fawb txoj kev tshawb no raws li tsim yuav tsis hloov lub sij hawm ntawm tog twg los contest. " (Motl 2015) no puas hloov tau koj lub kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb ? Yog hais tias yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas?
    5. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov kev xaiv tsa muab tau tsis yog tshwj xeeb ze (Rooj 6.6). Puas no hloov koj kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb? Yog hais tias yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas?
    6. Nws hloov tawm hais tias ib tug kev tshawb no yog xa mus rau Dartmouth IRB los ntawm ib tug ntawm cov soj ntsuam ntawm, tab sis nws differed tshuam los ntawm lub sij Montana txoj kev tshawb no. Lub mailer siv nyob rau hauv Montana yeej tsis tau xa mus rau tus IRB. Txoj kev tshawb no twb yeej tsis xa mus rau tus Stanford IRB. Puas no hloov koj kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb? Yog hais tias yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas?
    7. Nws kuj hloov tawm hais tias tus neeg tshawb fawb xa zoo xws li cov kev xaiv tsa ntaub ntawv rau 143.000 cov neeg xaiv tsa nyob rau hauv California thiab 66.000 nyob rau hauv New Hampshire. Raws li deb raws li kuv paub, muaj tsis muaj ntawv tsis txaus siab txhais los ntawm cov kwv yees li 200,000 ntxiv mailers. Puas no hloov koj kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb? Yog hais tias yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas?
    8. Yuav ua li cas, yog dab tsi, koj yuav tau ua txawv yog hais tias koj tus thawj xib fwb kawm txoj moo zoo? Yuav ua li cas yuav koj tau tsim txoj kev tshawb no yog tias koj twb xav nyob rau hauv kawm seb cov lus qhia ntxiv tsub kom pov ntawv xaiv tsa turnout nyob rau hauv nonpartisan haiv neeg?

    Rooj 6.6: tau los ntawm lub 2014 Montana Supreme Court Ncaj Ncees kev xaiv tsa. Tau qhov twg los: Webpage ntawm Montana Secretary of State .

    sib tw	votes tau txais	feem pua
    Supreme Court Ncaj Ncees # 1
    W. David Herbert	65.404	21,59%
    Jim Rice	236.963	78,22%
    Supreme Court Ncaj Ncees # 2
    Lawrence VanDyke	134.904	40,80%
    Mike Nplej	195.303	59,06%

    

    Xam 6,10: Mailer xa mus los ntawm peb cov nom tswv zaum 102.780 sau npe xaiv tsa nyob rau hauv Montana raws li ib feem ntawm ib tug xyaum ua tej yam los ntsuas seb cov neeg xaiv tsa uas yog muab cov lus qhia ntxiv yog yuav mus pov npav. Tus qauv loj nyob rau hauv no xyaum ua tej yam yog roughly 15% uas tsim nyog xaiv tsa nyob rau hauv lub xeev.

    

    Xam 6,11: Apology tsab ntawv uas raug xa mus rau lub 102.780 sau npe xaiv tsa nyob rau hauv Montana uas twb tau txais lub mailer nyob rau hauv Daim duab 6,10. Cov tsab ntawv twb xa mus los ntawm cov Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Dartmouth thiab Stanford, lub universities uas ua hauj lwm rau hauv lub soj ntsuam uas xa cov mailer.

15. [ ] On May 8, 2016, ob tug soj ntsuam-Emil Kirkegaard thiab Julius Bjerrekaer-scraped ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub hauv internet sib tam site OkCupid thiab laj mej pej xeem tso tawm ib tug dataset ntawm 70,000 leej cov neeg siv, nrog rau cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm username, hnub nyoog, tub los ntxhais, qhov chaw, kev ntseeg txog lub tswvyim, astrology txog lub tswvyim, sib tam kev txaus siab, tus naj npawb ntawm cov duab, thiab lwm yam, raws li tau zoo raws li cov lus teb muab mus rau saum 2600 cov lus nug rau ntawm qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv ib tug kev kee daim ntawv nrog lub tso cov ntaub ntawv, tus sau phau ntawv hais tias "Ib txhia tej zaum yuav tsis ua kom lub ethics ntawm sib sau ua ke thiab tso cov ntaub ntawv no. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov dataset los yog twb laj mej pej xeem muaj, yog li tso no dataset pawg pib nws nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau pab daim ntawv no. "

    Nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm, ib tug ntawm tus sau phau ntawv twb nug hauv Twitter: "Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv txheej no mas rov kheej. Txawm muaj xws li npe? Yog tej hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov ua rau anonymize nws? ". Nws lo lus teb yog "Tsis Cov ntaub ntawv yog twb pej xeem. " (Zimmer 2016; Resnick 2016)

    1. Ntsuam xyuas cov ntaub ntawv no tso tawm siv tej ntsiab cai thiab raug cai coj los sib tham nyob rau hauv tshooj no.
    2. Koj puas siv cov ntaub ntawv no rau koj tus kheej kev tshawb fawb?
    3. Yuav ua li cas yog tias koj scraped nws koj tus kheej?

16. [ ] Nyob rau hauv 2010 ib tug txawj ntse analyst nrog lub US Army muab 250,000 classified diplomatic cables mus rau lub koom haum Wikileaks, thiab lawv tau tom qab muab tso rau hauv internet. Gill and Spirling (2015) cam hais tias "lub Wikileaks qhia tawm uas nruab nrab yog ib tug trove ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tej zaum yuav tapped rau sim hloov maj mam theories nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb kev sib raug zoo ", thiab ces cov lus tuab lub qauv ntawm leaked cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, tus sau phau ntawv kwv yees tias lawv sawv cev rau txog 5% ntawm tag nrho cov diplomatic cables thaum lub sij hawm uas lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, tab sis hais tias qhov no faib ua feem mas nws txawv ntawm embassy mus embassy (saib daim duab 1 ntawm lawv daim ntawv).

    1. Nyeem daim ntawv, thiab ces sau dlawb appendix rau nws.
    2. Tus sau phau ntawv tsis tsom xam cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib yam ntawm cov leaked cov ntaub ntawv. Yog muaj tej project uas siv cov cables uas koj yuav ua kev cai? Yog muaj tej project uas siv cov cables uas koj yuav tsis muaj cai?

17. [ ] Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim mus kawm yuav ua li cas tuam txhab uas muag teb rau kev tsis txaus siab, ib tug soj ntsuam xa fake tsis txaus siab sau ntawv mus rau 240 high-end khw nojmov nyob rau hauv New York City. Ntawm no yog ib tug excerpt los ntawm cov cuav tsab ntawv.

    "Kuv tabtom sau ntawv no tsab ntawv mus rau koj vim hais tias kuv yog outraged hais txog ib tug tsis ntev los no kuv muaj nyob rau hauv koj lub tsev noj mov. Tsis ntev dhau los, kuv tus poj niam thiab kuv lom peb cov thawj hnub tseem ceeb. ... Cov yav tsaus ntuj los ua soured thaum cov tsos mob pib tshwm txog plaub teev tom qab noj mov. Ncua xeev siab, ntuav, raws plab, thiab mob plab ntswj tag nrho taw tes rau ib yam: khoom noj khoom haus lom. Nws ua rau kuv npau taws cia li xav tias peb tshwj xeeb romantic yav tsaus ntuj los ua txo rau kuv tus poj niam menyuam kuv curl li nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam hauv plab txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Tiled pem teb ntawm peb lub chav da dej nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib ncig ntawm ntuav li. ... Txawm hais tias nws tsis yog kuv lub tswv yim sau ntawv tej ntaub ntawv qhia txog nrog lub zoo ua lag ua luam Bureau los yog lub Department of Health, Kuv xav kom koj, [name of lub restaurateur], to taub li cas kuv mus txog hauv anticipation tias koj yuav teb raws li. "

    1. Soj ntsuam txoj kev tshawb no siv tej ntsiab cai thiab raug cai coj tau piav nyob rau hauv tshooj no. Muab koj ntsuam xyuas, yuav ua li cas txoj kev tshawb no?
    2. Ntawm no yog yuav ua li cas lub khw noj mov uas tau txais tsab ntawv reacted: "Nws yog ua noj chaos raws li cov tswv, managers thiab chefs nrhiav los ntawm computers rau [name redacted] zos los yog credit card ntaub ntawv, saib menus thiab tsim cov khoom xa tuaj tejzaum zibntab cov zaub mov, thiab hais lus chav ua noj neeg ua hauj lwm txog tau xyaum, tag nrho cov spurred los ntawm dab tsi rau ob lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov xib fwb tam sim no concede yog tus ua lag ua luam lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm los ntawm ntuj raug txim. " (Kifner 2001) puas ntaub ntawv no hloov li cas koj ntsuam xyuas txoj kev tshawb no?
    3. Raws li deb raws li kuv paub, txoj kev tshawb no twb tsis saib los ntawm ib tug IRB los yog lwm yam thib peb-tog. Puas hloov yuav ua li cas koj ntsuam xyuas txoj kev tshawb no? Yog vim li cas los yog vim li cas?

18. [ ] Tsev rau ntawm no yav dhau los lo lus nug, kuv xav koj los sib piv txoj kev tshawb no mus rau ib tug sib txawv kiag li txoj kev tshawb no uas tseem muab kev koom tes hauv cov khw. Nyob rau hauv no lwm yam kev tshawb no, Neumark thiab lug txhawb cov miv (1996) xa ob tug txiv neej thiab ob tug poj niam kawm ntawv qib siab me nyuam kawm ntawv nrog kev qhia resumes mus thov rau cov hauj lwm raws li waiters thiab waitresses 65 khw nojmov nyob rau hauv Philadelphia, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav soj ntsuam nrog txiv neej pw ntxub ntxaug nyob rau hauv lub tsev noj mov kev ntiav neeg. Lub 130 daim ntaub ntawv coj mus rau 54 sib tham thiab 39 txoj hauj lwm muaj. Cov kev tshawb nrhiav cov lus tseem ceeb pov thawj ntawm kev pw ua ke saib tsis taus cov poj niam nyob rau hauv high-nqi khw nojmov.

    1. Sau dlawb appendix rau txoj kev tshawb no.
    2. Koj xav hais tias txoj kev tshawb no yog ethically txawv los ntawm ib tug piav nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los lo lus nug. Yog hais tias yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas?

19. [ ] Tej lub sij hawm nyob ib ncig ntawm 2010, 6.548 professors nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States tau txais emails zoo xws li cov no ib tug.

    "Nyob zoo cov xibfwb Salganik,

    Kuv sau ntawv rau koj vim hais tias kuv yog ib tug neeg tham Ph.D. me nyuam kawm ntawv nrog loj txaus siab rau koj cov kev tshawb fawb. Kuv txoj kev npaj no yog los thov kom Ph.D. cov kev pab cuam no los lub caij nplooj zeeg, thiab kuv xav paub ntau li ntau raws li kuv tau hais txog kev tshawb fawb txuj nyob rau hauv lub meantime.

    Kuv yuav nyob ntawm tsev kawm ntawv hnub no, thiab txawm hais tias kuv paub tias nws yog luv luv daim ntawv ceeb toom, kuv twb wondering yog hais tias tej zaum koj yuav muaj 10 feeb thaum koj yuav ua kom tau raws li nrog kuv mus luv luv tham txog koj kev ua hauj lwm thiab tej tau lub caij rau cov kuv tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv koj tshawb nrhiav. Tej lub sij hawm uas yuav yooj yim rau koj yuav zoo nrog kuv, raws li lub rooj sib tham nrog koj yog kuv thawj feem thaum lub sij hawm no hauv tsev kawm ntawv mus xyuas.

    Ua tsaug rau koj ua ntej rau koj saib xyuas.

    Ua tsaug, Carlos Lopez "

    Cov emails yog ib feem ntawm ib daim teb xyaum ua tej yam los ntsuas seb professors twb yuav teb mus rau lub email nyob ntawm 1) lub sij hawm-thav duab (niaj hnub no vs tom ntej no lub lim tiam) thiab 2) lub npe ntawm tus sender uas varied co tes tias haiv neeg twg thiab yog txivneej los pojniam (xws li, Meredith Roberts, Raj Singh, thiab lwm yam). Cov soj ntsuam ntawm pom tias thaum cov kev thov tau kom tau raws li nyob rau hauv 1 lub lim tiam, Caucasian caug tau tso cai nkag tau mus rau cov kws qhia neeg txog 25% ntau dua cov poj niam thiab minorities. Tab sis, thaum lub cuav menyuam kawm ntawv thov rooj sib tham uas tib hnub no cov qauv raug yeej tseem zoo tshem tawm (Milkman, Akinola, and Chugh 2012) .

    1. Ntsuam xyuas no xyaum ua tej yam raws li cov ntsiab cai thiab coj nyob rau hauv tshooj no.
    2. Tom qab txoj kev tshawb no yog tshaj, tus soj ntsuam xa cov nram qab no debriefing email rau tag nrho cov neeg.

    "Tsis ntev los no, koj tau txais ib tug email los ntawm ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv nug rau 10 feeb ntawm koj lub sij hawm los sib tham txog koj cov Ph.D. kev pab cuam (lub cev ntawm lub email tshwm hauv qab no). Peb yog emailing koj hnub no mus debrief koj nyob rau lub sij hom phiaj ntawm uas email, raws li nws yog ib feem ntawm ib tug kev tshawb fawb txoj kev tshawb no. Peb ua tsaug vam peb txoj kev tshawb no tsis ua rau koj tej kev cuam tshuam thiab peb thov zam txim yog tias koj tau nyob hauv tag nrho cov inconvenienced. Peb kev cia siab yog tias qhov no tsab ntawv yuav muab ib tug txaus piav qhia txog lub hom phiaj thiab tsim ntawm peb txoj kev tshawb rau alleviate tej kev txhawj xeeb uas koj muaj txog koj kev koom tes. Peb xav ua tsaug rau koj rau koj lub sij hawm thiab rau kev nyeem ntawv ntxiv yog hais tias koj xav nyob rau hauv kev to taub yog vim li cas koj tau txais cov lus no. Peb cia siab tias koj yuav pom cov nqi ntawm cov kev txawj ntse peb cia siab ua nrog no loj kev kawm txoj kev kawm. "

    Tom qab piav qhia txog lub hom phiaj thiab tsim ntawm txoj kev tshawb, lawv ntxiv sau tseg tias:

    "Raws li sai li sai cov kev tshwm sim ntawm peb cov kev tshawb fawb no muaj, peb yuav tswg lawv rau peb cov websites. Thov tso siab tau tias tsis muaj keeb ntaub ntawv yuav puas tau qhia los ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, thiab peb ntawm kev kawm tsim kom peb yuav tsuas yuav tau mus qhia email responsiveness qauv nyob rau hauv sau ua ib pawg - tsis nyob rau hauv tus neeg theem. Tsis tug neeg los yog lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum kheej nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb los yog cov ntaub ntawv peb luam tawm. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, ib tug neeg email cov lus teb yog tsis muaj nuj nqis raws li muaj ntau yam yog vim li cas yog vim li cas ib tug neeg kws qhia ntawv neeg yuav txais los yog tsis kam ib tug lub rooj sib tham kev thov. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv twb tau de-qhia thiab cov keeb email cov lus teb muaj twb tau deleted ntawm peb databases thiab lwm yam neeg rau zaub mov. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm thaum cov ntaub ntawv yog keeb, nws twb muaj kev tiv thaiv muaj zog thiab ruaj ntseg passwords. Thiab raws li yog ib txwm rooj plaub thaum kawm ntawv kev coj cwj pwm kev tshawb fawb uas muaj tib neeg kawm, kev tshawb fawb twg raug pom zoo los ntawm peb cov universities 'Institutional Review Cam (lub Columbia University Morningside IRB thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Pennsylvania IRB).

    Yog hais tias koj muaj lus nug txog koj cov cai raws li ib tug kev tshawb fawb kev kawm, tej zaum koj yuav tau hu rau lub Columbia University Morningside Institutional Review Board ntawm 212-851-7040 los yog los ntawm email ntawm askirb@columbia.edu thiab / los yog cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board ntawm 215 -898-2614.

    Ua tsaug rau koj dua rau koj lub sij hawm thiab kev nkag siab ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm peb ua. "

    3. Yuav ua li cas yog cov nqe lus rau debriefing nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no? Yuav ua li cas yog cov tawm tsam? Koj puas xav hais tias cov kev soj ntsuam yuav tsum tau debriefed cov neeg koom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no?
    4. Nyob rau hauv lub txhawb online cov ntaub ntawv, cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm muaj ib tug seem hu ua "Tib neeg kawm kev tiv thaiv." Thov nyeem seem no. Yog muaj tej yam uas koj yuav ntxiv los yog tshem tawm.
    5. Yuav ua li cas yog tus nqi ntawm no xyaum ua tej yam rau tus neeg tshawb fawb? Yuav ua li cas yog tus nqi ntawm no xyaum ua tej yam rau cov neeg? Andrew Gelman (2010) tau sib cav hais tias koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no yuav muaj tau compensated rau lawv lub sij hawm tom qab lub thwmsim yog lawm. Koj puas pom zoo? Sim ua kom koj cav siv tej ntsiab cai thiab raug cai coj nyob rau hauv lub tshooj.