Koom tes yuav txo tau cov nqi thiab nce scale, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm hloov lub hom ntawm cov neeg, kev kho mob, thiab ua tau hais tias koj yuav siv tau.
Lwm txoj hauv kev ua koj tus kheej yog koom nrog lub koom haum muaj zog xws li lub tuam txhab, tsoom fwv, los yog NGO. Qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog tus khub yog tias lawv tuaj yeem pab koj khiav cov kev sim uas koj tsuas ua tsis tau los ntawm koj tus kheej. Piv txwv, yog ib qhov kev sim uas kuv yuav qhia rau koj txog hauv qab no muab kev koom tes 61 lab tus neeg koom-tsis muaj tus neeg soj ntsuam ib tus neeg ua tau zoo li ntawd. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm uas kev sib koom siab tsub kom koj ua tau, nws tseem txwv tsis pub koj. Piv txwv li, feem ntau cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsis cia koj khiav ib qho kev sim uas yuav tsim kev puas tsuaj rau lawv txoj kev lag luam los yog lawv lub npe. Ua hauj lwm nrog cov neeg koom tes kuj txhais tau hais tias thaum nws tuaj txog sij hawm luam tawm, koj tuaj yeem ua rau siab "rov qab" qhov koj tau ua, thiab qee tus neeg koom tes kuj yuav txwv tsis pub luam tawm koj txoj haujlwm yog tias nws ua rau lawv phem. Thaum kawg, kev koom tes kuj tuaj yeem nrog cov nqi uas muaj feem xyuam nrog tsim thiab tswj cov kev sib koom tes.
Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau daws kom ua txoj kev sib koom tes no yog nrhiav kev los sib npaug rau kev txaus siab ntawm ob tog, thiab txoj kev xav txog qhov kev tshuav nyiaj no yog Pasteur Quadrant (Stokes 1997) . Ntau cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias yog lawv ua hauj lwm rau tej yam uas ua tau-tej yam uas yuav muaj kev txaus siab rau tus khub-ces lawv tsis muaj peev xwm ua qhov kev tshawb fawb tiag. Qhov kev xav no yuav ua rau nws nyuaj heev los tsim kev sib raug zoo, thiab nws kuj tshwm sim tsis zoo kiag li. Qhov teeb meem nrog no txoj kev xav yog wonderfully illustrated los ntawm txoj kev-kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm biologist Louis Pasteur. Thaum ua hauj lwm rau ib qho kev lag luam kev lag luam los hloov cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv cawv, Pasteur pom ib chav kawm tshiab ntawm cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ua rau cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob. Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav no tau daws ib qho teeb meem uas muaj tiag-nws pab txhim kho txoj kev fermentation-thiab nws ua rau txoj kev kawm ua ntej. Yog li, tsis xav txog kev tshawb fawb nrog cov kev siv tswv yim xws li kev sib haum xeeb nrog kev tshawb fawb qhov tseeb, nws zoo dua yog xav txog cov no raws li ob qhov siab. Kev tshawb nrhiav tuaj yeem siv tau los ntawm kev siv (lossis tsis), thiab kev tshawb fawb yuav nrhiav kev to taub (lossis tsis). Txaus siab rau, kev tshawb fawb xws li Pasteur's-tuaj yeem mob siab los ntawm kev siv thiab nrhiav txoj kev to taub (daim duab 4.17). Kev tshawb fawb hauv Pasteur's Quadrant-tshawb fawb tias yog nce mus txog ob lub hom phiaj-yog qhov zoo rau kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav thiab cov neeg koom tes. Tom qab ntawd, kuv mam li qhia txog ob txoj kev sim kawm nrog kev sib koom tes: ib qho nrog ib lub tuam txhab thiab ib tug nrog ib tug NGO.
Cov tuam txhab loj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tuam txhab lag luam, tau tsim cov kev lag luam zoo heev rau kev sib tw ua ke. Hauv kev lag luam tech, cov kev sim no feem ntau hu ua A / B cov kev ntsuas vim lawv piv cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob txoj kev kho mob: A thiab B. Cov kev sim no feem ntau khiav mus rau cov khoom xws li cov nias nce nqi ntawm cov kev tawm, tab sis tib qhov kev sim kho tau yuav raug siv rau kev tshawb nrhiav uas txhawb kev nkag siab. Ib qho piv txwv uas qhia txog qhov peev xwm ntawm hom kev tshawb fawb no yog ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Facebook thiab University of California, San Diego, ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm cov lus sib txawv ntawm cov neeg xaiv tsa (Bond et al. 2012) .
Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2, 2010 -Nyob rau hnub United States kev xaiv tsa-tag nrho 61 lab tus neeg siv Facebook nyob hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab muaj hnub nyoog 18 thiab tshaj saud hauv kev sim kev xaiv tsa. Thaum mus xyuas Facebook, cov neeg siv raug xa mus rau hauv ib qho ntawm peb pab pawg, uas tau txiav txim siab txog dabtsi (yog tias muaj) raug tso rau saum toj ntawm lawv qhov Xovxwm Pub (daim duab 4.18):
Kev sib tw thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ua ke tau kawm txog ob qhov txiaj ntsim tau los: qhia tus cwj pwm pov ntawv tawm suab thiab kev coj cwj pwm tseeb. Ua ntej, lawv nrhiav tau tias cov neeg nyob rau hauv qhov Info + Pawg pab pawg tau txog li ob feem pua ntsiab lus ntau dua cov neeg nyob hauv Pawg Pabcuam kom nyem "Kuv Tau Pom" (li 20 feem pua ntawm 18%). Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab cov neeg tshawb xyuas muab lawv cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov ntaub ntawv pov npav rau pejxeem sib koom ua ke rau li ntawm 6 lab tus neeg tau pom tias cov neeg nyob hauv qhov Info + Social pab pawg tau 0.39 feem pua cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb dua los ntawm cov neeg hauv pawg tswj hwm thiab cov neeg nyob hauv Pab Pawg tau cia li yuav pov npav li cov neeg hauv pawg tswj hwm (daim duab 4.18).
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev sim no qhia tau hais tias qee cov lus hauv online tau txais kev tshaj tawm zoo tshaj lwm tus thiab tus kws tshawb fawb kev kwv yees ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo yog nyob ntawm seb qhov kev txiav txim tau hais tias kev pov npav los yog qhov tseeb pov npav. Qhov kev sim siab no tsis muaj qhov qhia txog cov mechanisms los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev sib txuas lus-uas qee cov neeg tshawb nrhiav tau hu ua "lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag" -tsis kev xaiv tsa. Nws yuav yog tias cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau nce qhov ntau qhov uas ib tug neeg pom cov chij los yog tias nws tau nce qhov ntau dua uas ib tug neeg pom cov khoom tawg tau pov ntawv tawm suab los yog ob qho tib si. Yog li, qhov kev sim no ua rau pom tseeb tias lwm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav yuav tshawb txog (saib, piv txwv, Bakshy, Eckles, et al. (2012) ).
Ntxiv nrog rau cov hom phiaj ntawm cov neeg tshawb xyuas, qhov kev sim no tseem muaj lub hom phiaj ntawm tus khub koom siab (Facebook). Yog tias koj hloov qhov kev coj ua ntawm kev xaiv tsa los ntawm kev muag cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, ces koj tuaj yeem pom tias txoj kev tshawb no muaj tib lub qauv ua ib qho kev sim kom paub txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tawm hauv online (saib eg, RA Lewis and Rao (2015) ). Cov kev tshawb fawb txog cov kev ua kom zoo no feem ntau ntsuas cov txiaj ntsim ntawm raug tawm hauv online tawm-cov kev kho mob hauv Bond et al. (2012) yeej tawm rau kev pov npav-rau kev coj cwj pwm hauv offline. Yog li, qhov kev tshawb fawb no yuav dhau los ntawm Facebook txoj kev muaj peev xwm los kawm cov hauj lwm hauv online thiab yuav pab tau Yawg Lag Luam cov lus tshaj tawm tias cov lus tshaj tawm hauv Facebook yuav siv tau los hloov cov cwj pwm.
Txawm hais tias qhov kev nyiam ntawm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav thiab cov neeg koom tes feem ntau yog mus raws li txoj kev tshawb no, lawv kuj yog ib feem nyob hauv kev nruj. Hauv particular, qhov kev faib ntawm cov neeg koom rau hauv peb pawg tswj hwm, Kev Tshawb Fawb, thiab Ntuas + Social-tau zoo kawg li: 98% ntawm cov qauv tau muab xa mus rau Info + Social. Qhov kev ntseeg no yog qhov sib txawv, thiab qhov zoo tshaj rau cov neeg tshawb xyuas yuav tsum muaj peb feem ntawm cov neeg koom hauv txhua pab pawg. Tab sis lub imbalanced faib tshwm sim vim Facebook xav kom txhua tus neeg tau txais cov ntaub ntawv + Kev kho mob. Qhov zoo ces, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntseeg tias lawv tuav 1% rov qab rau kev kho mob thiab 1% ntawm cov neeg koom rau pawg tswj hwm. Yog tias tsis muaj pawg tswj hwm, nws yuav tsum yeej tsis yooj yim sua los ntsuas cov nyhuv ntawm Kev Pab + Kev kho mob vim nws yuav tau ua "perturb thiab soj ntsuam" xyaum ua tej yam tsis yog ib qho kev sim xyaum ua. Tus qauv no qhia txog kev ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg koom tes: qee zaus koj tsim ib txoj kev sim los ntawm kev ntseeg ib tus neeg kom xa ib txoj kev kho mob thiab qee zaus koj tsim kev sim los ntawm kev ntseeg ib tug neeg tsis muaj kev kho mob (piv txwv li, los ua ib pawg tswj hwm).
Kev koom tes tsis tas yuav koom nrog cov tuam txhab lag luam thiab A / B cov kev ntsuam xyuas nrog tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg koom. Piv txwv li, Alexander Coppock, Andrew Guess, thiab John Ternovski (2016) koom tes nrog ib cheeb tsam ib puag ncig-Pab Koomtes ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Neeg Pov Ntawv - los khiav cov tswv yim sib txawv los txhawb kev sib koom siab. Cov soj ntsuam ntawm siv lub NGO tus Twitter account xa tawm ob qho tag nrho cov pej xeem tweets thiab ntiag tug cov lus qhia ncaj qha uas tau sim ntau hom kev cai. Lawv ntsuas tom qab ntawm cov lus no tau zoo tshaj plaws rau cov neeg tuaj yeem kos npe rau daim ntawv thov thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev thov.
Ntsiab lus | Cov lus nug |
---|---|
Cov nyhuv ntawm Facebook Xov xwm Pub rau cov ntaub ntawv sib qhia | Bakshy, Rosenn, et al. (2012) |
Nyhuv ntawm ib nrab ntawm lawv tus kheej rau tus cwj pwm ntawm lub website hauv online dating | Bapna et al. (2016) |
Cov nyhuv ntawm Tsev Siv Ntawv Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob | Allcott (2011) ; Allcott and Rogers (2014) ; Allcott (2015) ; Costa and Kahn (2013) ; Ayres, Raseman, and Shih (2013) |
Nyhuv ntawm app tsim ntawm kis kis | Aral and Walker (2011) |
Cov nyhuv ntawm kis hluav taws xob hauv diffusion | SJ Taylor, Bakshy, and Aral (2013) |
Cov nyhuv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev tshaj tawm | Bakshy, Eckles, et al. (2012) |
Cov nyhuv ntawm phau ntawv qhia ntau zaus ntawm kev muag khoom los ntawm catalog thiab hauv online rau ntau hom kev lag luam | Simester et al. (2009) |
Cov nyhuv ntawm cov neeg muaj npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm | Gee (2015) |
Cov nyhuv ntawm kev pib ntawm cov chaw | Muchnik, Aral, and Taylor (2013) |
Cov nyom ntawm cov lus hais txog kev lag luam kev lag luam | Coppock, Guess, and Ternovski (2016) |
Tag nrho, sib koom tes nrog qhov ua rau koj ua hauj lwm rau lub sijhawm uas nyuaj ua, thiab cov lus 4.3 qhia lwm cov qauv ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov koom haum. Kev koom tes yuav ua tau yooj yim dua li tsim koj txoj kev sim. Tab sis cov kev zoo no tuaj yeem nrog kev tsis zoo: kev koom tes muaj peev xwm txwv tau cov neeg koom nrog, kev kho mob, thiab cov txiaj ntsim tau los uas koj tuaj yeem kawm tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev sib koom tes no tuaj yeem ua rau cov teeb meem raug cai. Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los mus pom lub sijhawm rau kev sib koom tes yog los paub qhov teeb meem tiag tiag uas koj tuaj yeem daws tau thaum koj tabtom kawm txog kev tshawb fawb. Yog tias koj tsis siv rau txoj kev ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, nws tuaj yeem hnov qhov teeb meem hauv Pasteur Quadrant, tab sis, nrog kev xyaum, koj mam li pib qhia lawv ntau dua.