phau

Phau ntawv no tau pib thaum xyoo 2005 hauv ib qho chaw hauv qab daus hauv Columbia University. Thaum lub sij hawm, kuv yog ib tug tub ntxhais kawm tiav, thiab kuv tau khiav ib qho kev sim hauv internet uas nws thiaj li yog kuv cov lus tshaj tawm. Kuv yuav qhia koj txhua yam txog cov kev sim ntawm qhov kev sim ntawm Tshooj 4, tab sis tam sim no kuv yuav qhia rau koj txog tej yam uas tsis nyob hauv kuv qhov kev sib cav lossis hauv kuv cov ntaub ntawv. Thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tau hloov li cas kuv xav txog kev tshawb nrhiav. Ib tag kis sawv ntxov, thaum kuv tuaj rau hauv kuv qhov chaw ua haujlwm, kuv tau pom tias thaum tsaus ntuj txog 100 tus neeg ntawm Brazil tau koom rau hauv kuv qhov kev sim. Txoj kev yooj yim no tau muaj kev ntxub ntxaug rau kuv. Lub sijhawm ntawd, kuv muaj cov phoojywg uas tabtom siv cov kev sim hauv kev sim, thiab kuv paub tias nyuaj npaum licas lawv yuav tsum ua haujlwm rau kev nrhiav haujlwm, kev saib xyuas, thiab them nyiaj rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov kev sim no; Yog hais tias lawv yuav khiav 10 tus neeg nyob hauv ib hnub nkaus xwb, qhov ntawd yog qhov ua tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kuv cov kev xyaum ua hauv internet, 100 tus neeg koom nrog kuv thaum kuv tsaug zog . Ua koj txoj kev tshawb fawb thaum koj pw tsaug zog yuav zoo heev los ua qhov tseeb, tab sis nws tsis yog. Cov kev hloov hauv kev siv technology-qhov kev hloov ntawm lub hnub nyoog analog rau cov hnub nyoog digital-txhais tau hais tias peb muaj peev xwm tam sim no sib sau thiab tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv kev sib raug zoo hauv cov kev tshiab. Phau ntawv no yog hais txog kev ua cov kev tshawb fawb hauv cov kev tshiab no.

Phau ntawv no yog rau cov kws tshawb fawb uas xav ua ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, cov kws tshawb txuj tshawb fawb uas xav ua ntau hom kev kawm, thiab leej twg txaus siab nyob hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub teb. Muab cov phau ntawv no rau nws, nws yuav tsum mus tsis tau hais tias nws tsis yog rau menyuam kawm ntawv thiab xibfwb. Txawm hais tias, kuv tab tom ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv (Princeton), kuv kuj tau ua haujlwm hauv tsoomfwv (hauv US Census Bureau) thiab hauv kev lagluam (hauv Microsoft Research), kuv thiaj paub tias muaj ntau txoj kev tshawb nrhiav kev tshwm sim sab nraud universities. Yog tias koj xav txog yam koj ua tau raws li kev tshawb fawb, ces phau ntawv no yog rau koj, tsis hais koj ua haujlwm twg lossis hom kev kawm uas koj siv tam sim no.

Raws li koj tau pom yav tas los lawm, lub suab ntawm phau ntawv no txawv me ntsis ntawm cov ntawv ntau ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Qhov ntawd yog txhob txwm. Phau ntawv no tau tshwm sim los ntawm ib lub rooj kawm tiav rau ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam uas kuv tau qhia hauv Princeton hauv Department of Sociology txij thaum xyoo 2007, thiab kuv xav kom nws ntes qee lub zog thiab kev zoo siab ntawm qhov kev kawm no. Hauv particular, kuv xav kom phau ntawv no muaj peb yam ntxwv: Kuv xav kom nws pab, yav tom ntej, thiab pom zoo.

Pab Tau : Kuv lub hom phiaj yog xav sau ib phau ntawv uas yuav pab tau koj. Yog li ntawd, kuv yuav sau rau hauv ib qho kev qhib, ua tiav, thiab qauv coj los siv. Qhov ntawd yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas kuv xav tau qhia yog ib txoj kev xav txog txoj kev tshawb fawb. Thiab, kuv txoj kev pom zoo hais tias txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los qhia txog txoj kev xav li no yog ua tiav thiab nrog ntau cov qauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kawg ntawm txhua tshooj lus, kuv muaj ib nqe lus uas hu ua "Yuav nyeem dab tsi" uas yuav pab koj hloov mus ua ntau dua thiab paub nyeem ntau ntawm cov ncauj lus uas kuv qhia. Thaum kawg, kuv cia siab tias phau ntawv no yuav pab koj tshawb nrhiav thiab tshuaj ntsuam lwm tus.

Yav tom ntej-taw qhia : Phau ntawv no yuav pab koj ua cov kev tshawb fawb nrog kev siv digital systems uas niaj hnub no thiab cov uas yuav tsim nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Kuv pib ua qhov kev tshawb fawb no nyob rau xyoo 2004, thiab txij thaum ntawd los kuv pom muaj ntau yam kev hloov, thiab kuv paub tseeb tias dhau ntawm koj txoj hauj lwm koj yuav pom ntau yam hloov. Qhov kev ua kom yuam kev nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm kev hloov yog sau . Piv txwv, qhov no tsis yog yuav los ua ib phau ntawv uas qhia koj raws nraim li cas siv API API raws li nws tshwm sim hnub no; qhov no, nws yuav qhia koj txog kev kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj (Tshooj 2). Qhov no tsis yog yuav los ua ib phau ntawv uas qhia koj ua cov kauj ruam ruam ruam rau kev sim ua haujlwm ntawm Amazon Mechanical Turk; es tsis txhob, nws yuav qhia koj yuav tsim li cas thiab txhais cov kev sim uas cia siab rau cov hnub nyoog hauv cov infrastructure (Tshooj 4). Los ntawm kev siv cov ntsiab lus, Kuv vam tias qhov no yuav yog ib phau ntawv tsis muaj sijhawm nyob rau ntawm lub npe sijhawm.

Optimistic : Ob lub zej zog uas phau ntawv no yuav siv-cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshawb fawb-muaj ntau yam keeb kwm thiab kev nyiam. Ntxiv rau cov kev sib txawv ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav txog science, uas kuv tau tham txog hauv phau ntawv, kuv pom tau tias cov ob lub zej zog nyias muaj nyias tus cwj pwm. Cov kws tshawb txuj tshawb fawb feem ntau zoo siab heev; lawv yuav pom cov iav ua ib nrab puv. Cov kws tshawb fawb, ntawm qhov kev sib tw, feem ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb; lawv yuav pom cov iav ua ib nrab khoob. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no, kuv yuav los txais yuav cov suab paj nruag zoo tshaj ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. Yog li, thaum kuv qhia cov piv txwv, kuv yuav qhia rau koj txog qhov kuv nyiam txog cov qauv no. Thiab, thaum kuv taw tes tawm cov teeb meem nrog cov piv txwv - thiab kuv yuav ua li ntawd vim tias tsis muaj kev tshawb nrhiav kiag li-Kuv yuav sim qhia cov teeb meem no kom zoo thiab zoo. Kuv tsis mus ua qhov tseemceeb rau qhov kev xav tseemceeb-Kuv yuav ua qhov tseemceeb kom kuv thiaj tuaj yeem pab koj tsim cov kev tshawb fawb zoo dua.

Peb tseem nyob rau cov hnub nyoog ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv cov hnub nyoog digital, tab sis kuv pom ib co kev tsis to taub uas zoo li ntawd nws ua rau kuv zoo siab rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm no, nyob hauv phau ntawv no. Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cov kws tshawb fawb, kuv tau pom ob qho kev tsis to taub. Thawj zaug xav hais tias ntau cov ntaub ntawv cia li daws teeb meem. Txawm li cas los, rau kev tshawb nrhiav, uas tsis tau yog kuv li kev paub. Qhov tseeb, rau kev tshawb nrhiav, cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua tuaj-tsis zoo rau cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv-zoo li yuav pab tau ntau dua. Qhov thib ob tsis to taub hais tias kuv tau pom los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tau xav tias kev tshawb fawb txog kev noj qab haus huv tsuas yog ib pawg ntawm txoj kev hais lus zoo nkauj nkaus xwb. Ntawm chav kawm, raws li ib tug kws tshawb fawb-ntau yam li ib tug sociologist-Kuv tsis pom zoo nrog tias. Cov neeg ntse tau ua hauj lwm kom nkag siab txog tib neeg tus cwj pwm ntev ntev, thiab nws zoo li tsis quav ntsej qhov kev txawj ntse uas tau tsim los ntawm qhov kev mob siab. Kuv txoj kev cia siab yog tias phau ntawv no yuav muab qee qhov tswvyim ntawd rau koj kom nkag siab.

Los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, kuv kuj pom ob qho kev tsis to taub. Ua ntej, kuv tau pom qee cov neeg sau tag nrho lub tswv yim ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav kev siv cov cuab yeej ntawm cov hnub nyoog nyoog vim hais tias ntawm ob peb cov ntaub ntawv phem. Yog koj nyeem phau ntawv no, tej zaum koj twb tau nyeem ib daim ntawv pov thawj uas siv cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm tawm rau hauv txoj kev uas yog banal lossis tsis ncaj ncees (los yog ob qho tib si). Kuv muaj ib yam nkaus thiab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav ua yuam kev loj heev los ntawm cov qauv no hais tias tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib tw digital yog kev phem. Qhov tseeb tiag, koj twb tau nyeem ib pawg ntawv uas siv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb los ua kev ntxias lossis yuam kev, tab sis koj tsis sau tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb siv cov ntawv tshawb fawb. Yog vim koj paub hais tias muaj kev tshawb fawb zoo heev nrog cov ntawv tshawb fawb, thiab nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no kuv yuav qhia koj tias muaj kev tshawb nrhiav zoo nrog cov cuab yeej ntawm cov hnub nyoog nyoog.

Qhov thib ob hom misunderstanding hais tias kuv tau pom los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb yog kom confuse tam sim no nrog lub neej yav tom ntej. Thaum peb ntsuam xyuas cov kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev tshawb nrhiav hauv kev tshawb nrhiav hauv kev tshawb nrhiav hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kev lag luam uas kuv yuav piav qhia-nws tseem ceeb heev uas peb nug ob nqe lus nug: "Qhov kev zoo ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav tam sim no zoo li cas?" Thiab "Zoo li cas? kev tshawb nrhiav haujlwm yav tom ntej? "Cov neeg tshawb nrhiav tau kawm los teb thawj lo lus nug, tab sis rau phau ntawv no kuv xav tias lo lus nug thib ob tseem ceeb dua. Ntawd yog, txawm tias cov kev tshawb fawb hauv cov hnub nyoog digital tsis tau tseem ua tau loj heev, qhov txawv txav-hloov kev txawj ntse, qhov kev txhim kho ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb digital yog qhov ceev heev. Nws yog qhov kev hloov ntawm qhov kev hloov-ntau tshaj li qhov tam sim no-uas ua rau cov kev tshawb fawb muaj hnub nyoog zoo siab rau kuv.

Txawm tias qhov kawg ntawm pawg lus no yuav zoo li koj muaj peev xwm nyob rau qee lub neej yav tom ntej, kuv lub hom phiaj yuav tsis muag koj ntawm txhua yam kev tshawb fawb. Kuv tsis yog tus kheej tso rau hauv Twitter, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Kua, lossis lwm lub tuam txhab ua lag luam (txawm tias, rau qhov kev tshaj tawm qhia tawm, kuv yuav tsum hais tias kuv tau ua hauj lwm hauv, los yog tau txais kev pab nyiaj los ntawm Microsoft, Google, thiab Facebook). Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no, yog li ntawd, kuv lub hom phiaj yog nyob twj ywm kev piav qhia, qhia koj txog txhua yam khoom plig tshiab, uas tau coj koj tawm ntawm ob peb lub ciab uas kuv tau pom lwm tus poob mus (thiab qee zaus poob rau hauv kuv tus kheej) .

Qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb muaj qee zaum hu ua computational social science. Qee qhov xav tias qhov no yog qhov chaw ua haujlwm, tab sis qhov no yuav tsis yog ib phau ntawv qhia kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, tsis muaj kev sib npaug hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Kuv tau xaiv sau phau ntawv no vim tias kuv xav muab kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib tham hauv cov hnub nyoog digital, xws li cov ntaub ntawv loj, kev tshawb fawb, kev sim, kev sib koom tes, thiab kev ncaj ncees. Nws tau ua kom tsis muaj peev xwm npog tag nrho cov ncauj lus no thiab muab cov ncauj lus qhia txog txhua yam. Es tsis txhob, pointers rau ntau cov ntaub ntawv uas tau muab hauv "Dab tsi los nyeem tom ntej" hauv qhov kawg ntawm txhua tshooj. Hauv lwm cov lus, phau ntawv no tsis yog tsim los qhia koj yuav ua txhua yam kev qhia tshwj xeeb; qhov no, nws yog tsim los hloov txoj hauv kev uas koj xav txog kev tshawb nrhiav.

Yuav ua li cas siv phau ntawv no hauv ib chav kawm

Raws li kuv tau hais ua ntej, phau ntawv no tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev kawm tiav kev kawm tiav ntawm kev ua lej social science uas kuv tau qhia txij thaum 2007 hauv Princeton. Vim tias tej zaum koj yuav xav txog kev siv phau ntawv no los qhia ib chav kawm, kuv xav tias nws yuav pab tau kuv piav qhia txog nws txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kuv qhov kev kawm thiab kuv xav licas nws siv lwm hoob.

Tau ntau xyoo, kuv tau qhia kuv tus kheej tsis muaj phau ntawv; Kuv yuav cia li cob ib phau ntawm cov khoom. Txawm tias cov tub ntxhais kawm tau kawm los ntawm cov ntawv no, cov khoom hauv ib leeg tsis yog ua rau lub tswv yim hloov uas kuv vam tias yuav tsim. Li ntawd, kuv yuav siv ntau lub sijhawm hauv chav kawm muab kev xav, ntsiab lus, thiab tawm tswv yim kom pab tau cov tub ntxhais kawm pom duab loj. Phau ntawv no yog kuv qhov kev sim los sau txhua qhov kev xav, cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov tswv yim ntawm txoj kev uas tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua-raws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb los yog cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb.

Nyob rau hauv ib semester-ntev chav kawm, kuv xav kom sib koom phau ntawv no nrog ntau yam kev nyeem ntawv ntxiv. Piv txwv li, tej chav kawm no yuav siv ob lub lim piam rau cov kev sim, thiab koj tuaj yeem ua ke tshooj 4 nrog kev nyeem cov ncauj lus xws li lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej kev kho mob hauv kev tsim thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev sim; kev sib piv thiab cov teeb meem sib piv los ntawm kev ntsuas loj loj A / B hauv tuam txhab; tsim cov kev sim ua tau pom tseeb ntawm cov tswv yim; thiab cov tswv yim, kev tshawb fawb, thiab kev ncaj ncees ntsig txog kev siv cov neeg koom hauv online labor markets, xws li Amazon Mechanical Turk. Nws kuj tseem yuav ua nrog kev nyeem ntawv thiab kev ua ub no ntsig txog programming. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khub no yog nyob ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv koj chav kawm (xws li, kawm tiav, tus xibfwb, lossis tus thawj xibfwb), lawv keeb kwm, thiab lawv lub homphiaj.

Hoob kawm ib semester-ntev kuj muaj cov teeb meem txhua lub lim tiam. Txhua tshooj muaj ntau yam kev ua si uas tau sau tseg los ntawm kev nyuaj ntawm kev nyuaj: yooj yim ( ), nruab nrab ( ), nyuaj ( ), thiab nyuaj heev ( ). Ntxiv thiab, kuv tau sau txhua qhov teeb meem los ntawm cov txuj ci uas nws xav kom ua: kev ua lej ( ), coding ( ), thiab cov ntaub ntawv sau cia ( ). Thaum kawg, Kuv tau sau npe qee cov kev ua ub no uas yog kuv tus kheej favorites ( ). Kuv vam hais tias hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav pom qee qhov tsim nyog rau koj cov tub ntxhais kawm.

Yuav kom pab tau cov neeg siv phau ntawv no hauv chav kawm, kuv tau pib sau cov ntaub ntawv qhia xws li cov ntawv qhia, cov ntawv me, kev sib txuas lus rau txhua tshooj, thiab kev daws teeb meem rau qee yam kev ua ub no. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv no-thiab pab txhawb lawv-ntawm http://www.bitbybitbook.com.