1.4 Ntxhais ntawm phau ntawv no

Ob lub ntsiab lus hauv phau ntawv yog 1) sib tov sib xyaw thiab saib xyuas thiab 2) Ethics.

Ob lub tswv yim khiav thoob plaws hauv phau ntawv no, thiab kuv xav qhia lawv tam sim no xwv kom koj pom lawv thaum lawv tuaj mus los dua. Thawj piv txwv los ntawm ib qho piv txwv uas piv ob qho zoo: Marcel Duchamp thiab Michelangelo. Duchamp yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws paub txog nws cov lus npaj tseg, xws li Tug Ciav Hlau , qhov twg nws coj cov khoom zoo tib yam thiab rov qab ua lawv li kos duab. Michelangelo, ntawm qhov kev tes, tsis tau rov qab ua dua. Thaum nws xav tsim kom muaj ib tug pej thuam David, nws tsis tau nrhiav ib qho marble uas zoo li Davis zoo li: nws siv peb lub xyoo ua haujlwm los tsim nws tus thawjcoj. Daviv tsis yog tus npaj txhij; nws yog ib tug custommade (daim duab 1.2).

Daim duab 1.2: Tus ciav los ntawm Marcel Duchamp thiab David los ntawm Michaelangelo. Tus ciav yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib qho chaw npaj txhij, qhov uas ib tug neeg pom tau pom ib yam uas twb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no mam li tsim nws rov qab rau kev kos duab. David yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev kos duab uas yog txhob txwm tsim; nws yog ib qho custommade. Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv cov hnub nyoog digital yuav muaj kev npaj siv thiab kev tso cai. Yees duab ntawm ciav los ntawm Alfred Stiglitz, 1917 (Source: Cov Qhov Muag Tsis Pom txiv neej, tsis muaj. 2 / Wikimedia Commons ). Duab ntawm David los ntawm Jörg Bittner Unna, 2008 (Source: _Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence / Wikimedia Commons ).

Ob hom kev paub no-npaj tseg thiab saib xyuas-daim duab qhia txog cov qauv uas muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm rau kev tshawb fawb hauv cov hnub nyoog digital. Raws li koj yuav pom, qee cov qauv hauv phau ntawv no yog koom nrog cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj uas tau tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab thiab tsoom fwv. Hauv lwm tus qauv, tus kws tshawb fawb pib nrog ib lo lus nug tshwj xeeb thiab siv cov cuab yeej ntawm cov hnub nyoog nyoog los tsim cov ntaub ntawv xav tau los teb cov lus nug ntawd. Thaum ua tau zoo, ob qho tib si ntawm no yeej ua tau zoo kawg nkaus. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb hauv cov hnub nyoog digital yuav muaj kev npaj txhij thiab cov tub ceev xwm; nws yuav koom nrog Duchamps thiab Michelangelos.

Yog hais tias koj feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv npaj txhij, Kuv vam tias phau ntawv no yuav qhia koj tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg. Thiab zoo li no, yog koj feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia, kuv cia siab tias phau ntawv no yuav qhia koj qhov nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv npaj txhij. Thaum kawg, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj, Kuv cia siab tias phau ntawv no yuav qhia koj txog qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob yam kev paub no. Piv txwv, Yauxuas Blumenstock thiab cov npoj yaig koom nrog Duchamp thiab ib feem Michelangelo; lawv tau muab cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg cia (npaj txhij) thiab lawv tsim lawv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb (ib tus custommade). Qhov no yuav ua rau kev npaj cov khaub ncaws thiab cov custommades yog ib qho qauv uas koj yuav pom thoob hauv phau ntawv no; nws nyhav kom xav tau tswv yim los ntawm ob qho tib neeg kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb, thiab feem ntau ua rau cov kev tshawb fawb tshaj plaws.

Ib lub ntsiab lus thib ob uas sau hauv phau ntawv no yog kev coj zoo. Kuv mam li qhia koj seb cov neeg tshawb xyuas yuav siv lub peev xwm ntawm lub hnub nyoog nyoog los ua kev tshawb nrhiav kev zoo thiab qhov tseem ceeb. Thiab kuv mam li qhia koj cov neeg tshawb fawb uas tau siv cov sijhawm no yuav ua rau cov kev txiav txim siab tsis zoo. Tshooj 6 yuav tsum yog siv tag nrho rau kev ncaj ncees, tab sis kuv muab coj los ua ke rau lwm tshooj lus zoo vim tias, hauv cov hnub nyoog digital, kev ncaj ncees yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb.

Cov hauj lwm ntawm Blumenstock thiab cov npoj yaig yog dua ib qho piv txwv. Muaj kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv hu ua coob tshaj ntawm 1.5 lab tus tib neeg tsim muaj lub sijhawm zoo rau kev tshawb fawb, tab sis nws kuj tsim muaj kev tsim txom rau. Piv txwv li, Jonathan Mayer thiab cov npoj yaig (2016) tau pom tias txawm tias "cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj npe" (cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj npe thiab chaw nyob) tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm cov pej xeem hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab xav kho cov lus qhia txog lawv, xws li tej yam ntaub ntawv kho mob. Yuav kom meej meej, Blumenstock thiab cov npoj yaig tsis tau sim ua kom tsis zoo txog txhua tus neeg, tab sis qhov no tau txhais hais tias nws nyuaj rau lawv tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hu xov tooj thiab nws yuam kom lawv siv cov kev tiv thaiv ntau thaum ua lawv txoj kev tshawb fawb.

Tshaj li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hu, muaj ib qho kev siv nro uas khiav los ntawm ntau cov kev tshawb fawb hauv cov hnub nyoog. Cov neeg tshawb nrhiav-feem ntau ntawm kev koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab thiab cov tsoom fwv-muaj lub hwj chim nce ntxiv rau lub neej ntawm cov neeg koom. Los ntawm lub hwj chim, kuv txhais hais tias lub peev xwm ua tej yam rau tib neeg tsis muaj kev tso cai los yog kev tshajtawm. Piv txwv li, cov neeg tshawb nrhiav tam sim no tau saib xyuas tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg, thiab zoo li kuv mam li qhia yav tom ntej, cov neeg tshawb xyuas kuj tuaj yeem sau npe rau tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg hauv cov kev sim ua loj. Ntxiv mus, tag nrho cov ntawm no tuaj yeem tshwm sim yam tsis tau kev pom zoo lossis kev paub txog ntawm cov neeg koom tes. Raws li lub hwj chim ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tau nce, nws tsis tau muaj qhov sib npaug nce siab txog kev siv lub hwj chim li cas. Qhov tseeb, cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum txiav txim seb yuav siv lawv lub hwj chim li cas raws li cov kev cai tsis sib haum xeeb thiab kev ua txhaum, cov cai, thiab cov cai. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev muaj peev xwm thiab txoj cai tsis muaj peev xwm yuav yuam cov neeg tshawb nrhiav tseem ceeb kom muaj kev txiav txim siab tsis yooj yim.

Yog hais tias koj feem ntau tsom rau qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kev tshawb nrhiav xyoo tshiab, tsim kom muaj lub sijhawm tshiab, kuv cia siab tias phau ntawv no yuav qhia koj tias cov sijhawm no tseem tsim muaj kev pheej hmoo tshiab. Thiab zoo li no, yog koj feem ntau tsom rau cov kev pheej hmoo no, kuv cia siab tias phau ntawv no yuav pab koj pom cov cib fim-tej yam uas yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Thaum kawg, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kuv cia siab tias phau ntawv no yuav pab txhua tus kom muaj kev sib luag ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo thiab kev ua tau tsim los ntawm kev tshawb fawb kev sib tw digital. Nrog kev nce hauv hwj chim, nws yuav tsum tuaj yeem muaj kev nce qib.