Coob tus neeg tshawb nrhiav pom zoo kom muaj kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm IRB. Ntawm qhov one tes, lawv xav tias nws yog bumbling bureaucracy. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv kuj xav tias nws yog tus txiav txim siab ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo. Ntawd yog, ntau cov neeg tshawb nrhiav pom tau tias yog tias IRB pom zoo rau nws, ces nws yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej. Yog tias peb lees paub txog cov kev txwv ntawm IRBs tam li lawv nyob tam sim no - thiab muaj ntau ntau ntawm lawv (Schrag 2010, 2011; Hoonaard 2011; Klitzman 2015; King and Sands 2015; Schneider 2015) -thiab peb cov kws soj ntsuam yuav tsum ua rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm peb cov kev tshawb fawb. Lub IRB yog ib qho tsis muaj qab nthab, thiab lub tswv yim no muaj ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
Ua ntej, qhov IRB yog hauv pem teb txhais tau hais tias yog tias koj ua haujlwm ntawm ib lub tsev lag luam uas yuav tsum tau rov ntsuam xyuas IRB, ces koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai no. Qhov no tej zaum yuav pom tseeb, tab sis kuv pom tias qee cov neeg zoo li xav kom tsis txhob muaj qhov IRB. Qhov tseeb tiag, yog tias koj ua haujlwm nyob rau qhov chaw tsis muaj qhov tsis muaj nuj nqis, IRB tuaj yeem ua ib tus phooj ywg uas muaj zog. Yog tias koj ua raws li lawv cov kev cai, lawv yuav tsum tau nres koj tom qab koj yuav tsum ib yam dab tsi mus nrog koj kev tshawb fawb (King and Sands 2015) . Thiab yog tias koj tsis ua raws li lawv cov cai, koj yuav xaus rau ntawm koj tus kheej hauv qhov teeb meem nyuaj.
Qhov ob, IRB tsis yog lub qab nthab txhais tau hais tias tsuas sau koj cov ntawv thiab ua raws li cov cai tsis txaus. Nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm koj tus kws tshawb nrhiav yog tus uas paub txog qhov feem ntau yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua haujlwm. Thaum kawg, koj yog tus neeg tshawb nrhiav, thiab lub luag haujlwm raug cai nrog koj; nws yog koj lub npe ntawm daim ntawv.
Ib txoj kev los xyuas kom meej tias koj kho lub IRB li hauv pem teb thiab tsis qab nthab yog kom muaj cov ntawv ntxiv rau hauv koj cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov tseeb, koj tuaj yeem tsim koj daim ntawv qhia txog kev ncaj ncees ua ntej koj txoj kev kawm pib, xwv kom koj tus kheej xav txog qhov koj yuav piav txog koj txoj haujlwm rau koj cov phooj ywg thiab cov pej xeem. Yog tias koj pom koj tus kheej tsis xis nyob thaum koj sau koj cov ntawv ntxiv, tom qab ntawd koj txoj kev tshawb no yuav tsis tawm tsam kev ncaj ncees. Ntxiv rau qhov pab koj tshawb koj tus kheej txoj hauj lwm, tshaj tawm koj cov kev qhia kev ncaj ncees yuav pab cov neeg tshawb fawb sib tham txog cov teeb meem txog kev ncaj ncees thiab tsim kev cai lij choj raws li cov piv txwv ntawm kev tshawb fawb tiag tiag. Cov lus qhia 6.3 nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv tshawb nrhiav pom tias kuv xav tias muaj kev sib tham zoo txog kev tshawb fawb txog kev ncaj ncees. Kuv tsis pom zoo nrog txhua tus sau los ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv hauv cov kev sib tham no, tiam sis lawv yog cov piv txwv ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los ua kev ncaj ncees hauv kev txiav txim siab los ntawm Carter (1996) : hauv txhua kis, (1) cov kws tshawb fawb txiav txim siab seb lawv xav li cas thiab qhov tsis yog lawm; (2) lawv ua raws li lawv tau txiav txim, txawm tias yog tus kheej tus nqi; thiab (3) lawv pom tau hais tias lawv ua haujlwm raws li lawv txoj kev xav ntawm qhov teeb meem.
Kawm | Qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov teeb meem |
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Rijt et al. (2014) | Kev sim thev av tsis muaj kev pom zoo |
Tsis txhob ua kom raug mob | |
Paluck and Green (2009) | Kev sim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws |
Kev tshawb nrhiav txog lub ntsiab lus | |
Kev pom zoo tso cai | |
Kev kho ntawm kev tsim txom | |
Burnett and Feamster (2015) | Kev tshawb nrhiav tsis tas tso cai |
Ntsuas qeeb thiab txiaj ntsig thaum muaj teeb meem nyuab npaum li cas | |
Chaabane et al. (2014) | Social impacts ntawm kev tshawb fawb |
Siv cov ntaub ntawv cia leaked | |
Jakobsson and Ratkiewicz (2006) | Kev sim thev av tsis muaj kev pom zoo |
Soeller et al. (2016) | Ua txhaum cov lus cog tseg |