Cov tshooj yav dhau los tau qhia tias cov hnub nyoog digital tsim muaj kev pabcuam tshiab rau kev sau thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv. Cov hnub nyoog digital kuj tau tsim teeb meem tshiab. Lub hom phiaj ntawm tshooj lus no yog muab koj cov cuab yeej uas koj xav tau los ua cov kev cov nyom ntawm kev ncaj ncees.
Muaj tam sim no tsis meej txog cov kev coj tsim nyog ntawm qee lub hnub nyoog kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo. Qhov kev tsis meej no tau ua rau ob qho teeb meem muaj feem, ib qho ntawm cov uas tau txais ntau xim dua lwm tus. Ntawm ib sab tes, qee cov neeg tshawb nrhiav tau raug foob hais txog kev ua txhaum cov neeg tsis pub leej twg paub los sis sau npe koom rau hauv cov kev sim ua tsis ncaj. Cov xwm txheej no-uas kuv yuav piav qhia hauv tshooj lus no - yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib sab laj thiab kev sab laj. Ntawm qhov kev sib tw, qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tseem tau muaj kev txi, kev tiv thaiv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb nrhiav tseem ceeb ntawm qhov teeb meem, qhov tseeb tias kuv xav tias qhov tsawg tshaj plaws. Piv txwv, thaum lub sij hawm 2014 Ebola outbreak, cov neeg ua hauj lwm hauv kev noj qab haus huv xav tau cov lus qhia txog kev muaj feem ntawm cov neeg hauv cov tebchaws uas muaj kab mob ntau tshaj plaws los pab tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov lag luam txawb xov tooj muaj cov ncauj lus tseem ceeb hu ua cov ntaub ntawv uas tau muab qee cov ntaub ntawv no. Tsis tau muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab kev cai lij choj txhim kho cov kws tshawb fawb tau sim los soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv (Wesolowski et al. 2014; McDonald 2016) . Yog tias peb yog ib lub zej zog, tsim muaj kev cai zoo thiab cov qauv uas tau sib koom los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov pej xeem - thiab kuv xav tias peb ua tau qhov no-ces peb tuaj yeem siv lub peev xwm ntawm lub hnub nyoog nyoog uas muaj kev lav phib xaub thiab kev zoo rau zej zog .
Ib qho teeb meem los tsim cov kev cai sib qhia yog tias cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshawb fawb muaj feem xyuam nrog kev tshawb fawb txog kev ncaj ncees. Rau cov pej xeem cov kws tshawb fawb, kev xav txog kev ncaj ncees yeej yog los ntawm Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) thiab cov kev cai uas lawv tau ua tiav nrog kev ua haujlwm. Tom qab tag nrho, tib txoj kev uas cov kws tshaj lij pom kev sib raug zoo muaj kev sib cav tswv yim yog los ntawm kev sib tw txheej txheem ntawm IRB rov xyuas dua. Cov kws tshawb txuj tshawb fawb, ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb, muaj cov kev tshawb fawb me ntsis nrog kev tshawb fawb vim tias nws tsis yog sib tham txog hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim qauv siv tshuab. Tsis muaj leej twg ntawm cov kev coj-cov kev cai-raws li kev sib raug ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los yog cov kev qhia ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb-yog qhov zoo rau kev tshawb fawb hauv cov hnub nyoog digital. Tiam sis, kuv ntseeg hais tias peb, yog ib lub zej zog, yuav ua kom tau zoo yog tias peb ua raws li cov txheej txheem hauv paus . Ntawd yog, cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum soj ntsuam lawv cov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kev cai uas twb muaj lawm-uas kuv yuav tsum ua raws li tau muab thiab xav tias yuav tsum tau ua raws li - thiab los ntawm cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev ncaj ncees. Txoj kev qhia raws li cov txheej txheem no pab cov kws tshawb fawb tsim kev txiav txim siab rau cov rooj plaub uas tsis tau sau ntawv, thiab pab cov neeg tshawb xyuas sib txuas lus lawv txoj kev xav rau ib leeg thiab cov pej xeem.
Cov txheej txheem raws kuv tus qauv yog tsis yog tshiab. Nws ua rau xyoo dhau los ntawm qhov kev xav dhau los, ntau qhov uas tau ua nyob hauv ob daim ntawv ceeb toom qhia: Belmont Report thiab Daim Ntawv Tshaj Qhia Menlo. Raws li koj yuav pom, qee qhov teeb meem raws li cov qauv hauv kev tsim qauv ua rau cov tswv yim zoo, ua haujlwm. Thiab, thaum nws tsis ua rau cov kev daws teeb meem no, nws qhia meej txog cov lag luam tawm, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tawm tus nqi tsim nyog. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev coj raws li tus qauv yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas nws yuav pab tau yog tias koj ua haujlwm (piv txwv li, tsev kawm ntawv, tsoomfwv, NGO, lossis tuam txhab).
Tshooj lus no tau raug tsim los pab tus neeg tshawb fawb zoo. Koj yuav tsum xav txog kev ncaj ncees ntawm koj tus kheej li cas? Koj ua tau dab tsi los ua koj tus kheej txoj hauj lwm ntau dua? Hauv seem 6.2, kuv yuav piav txog peb daim ntawv tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb uas tau tsim tawm kev sib cav sib ceg. Tom qab ntawd, hauv seem 6.3, kuv mam li qhia tawm ntawm cov qauv tshwj xeeb los piav txog qhov kuv xav tias yog vim li cas tseem ceeb rau kev tsis ncaj ncees: tsis muaj peev xwm nce siab rau cov neeg tshawb xyuas los soj ntsuam thiab sim ua rau tib neeg tsis muaj kev pom zoo los yog kev paub txog. Cov peev xwm ua tau hloov sai dua peb cov cai, cov cai, thiab cov cai. Tom ntej no, hauv seem 6.4, kuv yuav qhia txog plaub lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas yuav pab coj tau koj txoj kev xav: Saib taus rau Cov Neeg, Kev Txim Siab, Kev Ncaj Ncees, thiab Kev Sib Haum rau Txoj Cai thiab Kev Txawv Tebchaws. Tom qab ntawd, hauv seem 6.5, kuv mam li xaus lub ntsiab lus dav dav-qhov kev tshawb fawb thiab deontology-uas tuaj yeem pab koj nrog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws uas koj yuav ntsib: thaum twg yog qhov zoo rau koj siv cov lus nug ncaj ncees kom ua tau raws li qhov xaus. Cov tswv yim no thiab cov ntsiab lus zoo-raws li daim duab 6.1-yuav pab kom koj txav deb tshaj qhov uas tau tso cai los ntawm cov cai tswj kev ua haujlwm thiab ua rau koj muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus nrog koj cov neeg tshawb nrhiav thiab cov pej xeem.
Nrog rau qhov no, hauv seem 6.6, kuv yuav tham txog plaub yam tshwj xeeb tshaj rau cov hnub nyoog ntawm cov neeg tshawb fawb txog kev noj qab haus huv: kev pom zoo (Tshooj 6.6.1), kev nkag siab thiab kev tswj cov kev phom sij xwm (Tshooj 6.6.2), ntiag tug (ntu 6.6.3 ), thiab txiav txim siab raug txiav txim siab nyob rau ntawm lub ntsej muag tsis meej (nqe lus 6.6.4). Thaum kawg, hauv seem 6.7, kuv mam li qhia peb yam tswv yim rau kev ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw nrog kev ua tsis ncaj ncees. Tshooj lus xaus nrog ib qho kev tshwm sim rau yav tom ntej, qhov twg kuv tau piav me ntsis txog kev tshawb xyuas kev ncaj ncees hauv Tebchaws Meskas, suav nrog kev tsis pom zoo ntawm Tuskheg Syphilis Study, Belmont Report, Txoj Cai Kev Cai, thiab Daim Ntawv Qhia Menlo.