Kev ua ub no

• degree ntawm kev nyuaj: yooj yim , nruab nrab , nyuaj , nyuaj heev
• yuav tsum muaj lej ( )
• yuav tsum tau coding ( )
• cov ntaub ntawv sau ( )
• Kuv favorites ( )

1. [ ] Nyob rau hauv kev sib cav tiv thaiv kev sim ntawm Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Xav, Kleinsman and Buckley (2015) tau sau:

   "Txawm hais tias nws muaj tseeb tias qhov kev pheej hmoo rau kev xyaum ua hauv Facebook tseem tsawg thiab txawm tias, nyob rau hauv kev sib tw, qhov kev tshwm sim raug txiav txim siab yuav pab tau, muaj ib qho ntsiab cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuam ntawm no uas yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa. Ib qho tib yam uas nyiag yog nyiag tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi muaj kev cuam tshuam, yog li peb txhua tus muaj txoj cai kom tsis txhob sim rau peb yam tsis muaj peb paub thiab tso cai, txawm qhov xwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb. "

   1. Qhov twg ntawm ob txoj kev ncaj ncees uas tau sib tham hauv tshooj lus no-qhov kev tshawb fawb los sis deontology-qhov kev sib cav feem ntau meej heev nrog?
   2. Tam sim no, xav hais tias koj xav tawm tsam ntawm txoj hauj lwm no. Yuav ua li cas yuav koj sib ceg rooj plaub rau tus reporter rau New York Times ?
   3. Yuav ua li cas, yog tag nrho, koj qhov kev sib cav yuav txawv dua yog tias koj tau sib tham txog qhov no nrog ib tug neeg ua haujlwm nrog?

2. [ ] Maddock, Mason, and Starbird (2015) xav txog cov lus nug txog seb cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum siv tweets uas tau muab tshem tawm lawm. Nyeem lawv daim ntawv los kawm txog keeb kwm yav dhau los.

   1. Tshawb xyuas qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov kev xav tsis zoo.
   2. Tshawb xyuas qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo tib yam los ntawm qhov kev kawm tau qhov kev xav tau.
   3. Yam twg koj pom ntau tshaj li qhov txaus siab rau qhov no?

3. [ ] Nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm hais txog cov kev cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm, Humphreys (2015) npaj siab ua qhov kev sim siab li nram qab no los qhia cov kev cov nyom ntawm kev cuam tshuam uas ua tsis tau kev tso cai ntawm tag nrho cov kev cuam tshuam thiab cov teeb meem qee yam thiab pab lwm tus.

   "Hais kom ib tug neeg tshawb nrhiav hu los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov koom haum hauv zej zog uas xav paub seb puas muaj teeb nyob hauv kev nruj nrab yuav txo cov kev ua txhaum kev ua phem. Hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no cov kws yog cov neeg txhaum: nrhiav cov lus tso cai ntawm cov neeg ua txhaum cai tias yuav cuam tshuam cov kev tshawb fawb thiab nws yuav tsis yog los tom ntej no (ua txhaum ntawm kev hwm rau cov neeg); cov criminals yuav yuav dais cov nqi ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tsis tau txais txiaj ntsim (ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees); thiab yuav muaj kev tsis pom zoo hais txog cov txiaj ntsim ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb - yog tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig, cov neeg ua txhaum tshwj xeeb tsis suav nws (ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau kev soj ntsuam) ... Cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb ntawm no tsis yog nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Ntawm no kuj muaj kev pheej hmoo uas muab rau cov tsis muaj ntsiab lus, yog tias piv txwv li cov tub sab tub rog tawm tsam cov koom haum muab cov teeb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Lub koom haum yuav paub txog cov kev pheej hmoo no tab sis yuav kam dais lawv vim lawv ua yuam kev ntseeg txoj kev ntshaw ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm cov tebchaws muaj nyiaj muaj txiajntsim uas yog lawv tus kheej mob siab rau ib feem luam tawm. "

   1. Sau email rau lub koom haum hauv zej zog muab koj qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov kev sim ua raws li tau tsim tseg? Koj puas tuaj yeem pab lawv ua cov kev sim ua raws li cov lus qhia? Yam dab tsi yuav cuam tshuam koj kev txiav txim siab?
   2. Puas muaj qee qhov kev hloov uas yuav txhim kho koj qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kev coj ua ntawm qhov kev sim no.

4. [ ] Nyob rau xyoo 1970 los 60 tus txiv neej tau mus koom rau hauv chav ua haujlwm nyob hauv chav dej ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv nruab nrab hauv Tebchaws Meskas (cov kws tshawb fawb tsis qhia lub tsev kawm ntawv) (Middlemist, Knowles, and Matter 1976) . Cov kws tshawb fawb xav paub txog tias neeg yuav ua txhaum li cas ntawm lawv qhov chaw, uas Sommer (1969) txhais tias "thaj tsam nrog ib ncig ntawm ib tug neeg lub cev uas tsis tuaj yeem tuaj." Cov neeg tshawb nrhiav tau txiav txim siab seb tus txiv neej txoj kev zis tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev kuaj pom ntawm lwm tus nyob ze. Tom qab ua qhov kev tshawb fawb pom meej, cov neeg tshawb xyuas tau ua qhov kev sim ua haujlwm. Cov neeg koom tes raug yuam kom siv sab laug-feem ntau zis hauv chav dej hauv peb lub hauv siab (cov neeg tshawb xyuas tsis piav qhov tseeb raws li qhov no tau ua). Tom ntej no, cov neeg tuaj koom tau rau ib ntawm peb theem ntawm cov neeg nyob ze. Rau qee tus txiv neej, ib qho kev sib koom tes siv cov zis ntawm lawv; rau qee tus txiv neej, ib qho kev sib cav sib ceg siv qhov chaw tso zis tawm ntawm lawv; thiab rau qee tus txiv neej, tsis muaj kev sib nkag rau hauv chav dej. Cov neeg tshawb xyuas tau ntsuas seb lawv cov txiaj ntsim zoo li cas-ncua sij hawm ncua thiab kev mob siab-uas yog nrhiav kev pabcuam hauv cov quav hauv qhov tso quav mus rau tus neeg koom nrog tus neeg mob. Ntawm no yog li cas cov neeg tshawb xyuas tau piav txog txoj kev ntsuas:

   "Tus neeg saib xyuas tau muab tso rau hauv lub qhov tso quav tso zis tso ncaj nraim mus rau ntawm qhov ncauj. Thaum lub sij hawm xeem cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov txheej txheem no nws tau paub meej tias cov khoom siv tsis hnov ​​lus yuav siv tsis tau rau qhov kev pib thiab kev txiav tawm ntawm [tso zis] ... Tiam sis, siv cov duab los siv. Tus neeg soj ntsuam tau siv qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm periscopic hauv ib pawg ntawm phau ntawv dag rau hauv pem teb ntawm lub tso quav tso zis tso quav. Ib qho chaw 11-nti (28-cm) ntawm nruab nrab ntawm phab ntsa thiab phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov tso quav tso zis tso saib, ntawm lub tshuab raj, ntawm tus neeg siv lub nrig torso thiab ua tau ncaj qha pom pom ntawm cov dej ntawm cov zis. Tus observer, txawm li ntawd los, nws tsis tuaj yeem pom ib lub ntsej muag. Tus neeg soj ntsuam pib ob lub caij nyoog nres thaum muaj ib qho kev xav mus txog ntawm qhov chaw, nres ib qho thaum tso zis, thiab nres lwm qhov thaum tso zis. "

   Cov neeg tshawb xyuas pom tau tias qhov qis dua qhov ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem mus qeeb ntawm qhov pib thiab tsis muaj kev tsis sib haum (xam 6.7).

   1. Koj puas xav tias cov neeg koom nrog raug kev sim siab no?
   2. Koj puas xav tias cov kws soj ntsuam yuav tsum tau sim ua qhov kev sim no?
   3. Cov kev hloov dab tsi, yog tias muaj, koj puas xav kom txhim kho kev ncaj ncees?
   

   Daim duab 6.7: Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Middlemist, Knowles, and Matter (1976) . Cov txiv neej uas nkag mus rau hauv chav dej tau muab rau ib qho ntawm peb cov neeg mob: ze ze (ib qho kev sib koom tes tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw nyob tam sim ntawd), kev nrug nrab (ib qho confederate raug muab tso rau ib qhov chaw tawm), lossis tswj (tsis muaj confederate). Tus neeg saib xyuas uas nyob hauv lub qhov tso quav tso quav siv ib qho kev cai tsim ua hauv paus periscope los soj ntsuam thiab lub sij hawm qeeb thiab kev pheej tso zis. Txheem tsis tau nyob ib ncig ntawm kwv yees tsis muaj. Muab los ntawm Middlemist, Knowles, and Matter (1976) , daim duab 1.

5. [ , ] Nyob rau lub Yim Hli 2006, txog 10 hnub ua ntej thawj kev xaiv tsa, 20,000 tus neeg nyob hauv Michigan tau txais ib qho kev xa ntawv uas pom lawv txoj kev xaiv tsa thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm lawv cov neeg zej zog (daim duab 6.8). (Raws li tau hais hauv tshooj no, hauv Tebchaws Amelikas, tsoomfwv cov ntaub ntawv khaws cov ntawv pov ntawv tawm suab hauv txhua qhov kev xaiv tsa thiab cov ntaub ntawv no muaj rau pej xeem.) Ib daim ntawv xa tawm tuaj yeem nce tus neeg tuaj pov ntawv tawm suab li ntawm ib tshooj chaw, tab sis qhov no tau nce ntxiv los ntawm 8.1 feem pua ​​ntsiab lus, qhov kev nyhav tshaj plaws tau pom txog txij ntawd (Gerber, Green, and Larimer 2008) . Cov nyhuv no loj heev uas yog hu ua Hal Malchow tau pub Donald Green $ 100,000 tsis pub luam tawm qhov kev sim ntawm qhov kev sim (txawm tias Malchow yuav siv tau cov ntaub ntawv no nws tus kheej) (Issenberg 2012, p 304) . Tab sis, Alan Gerber, Donald Green, thiab Christopher Larimer tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv hauv 2008 hauv American Political Science Review .

   Thaum koj ua tib zoo soj ntsuam tus xa ntawv hauv daim duab 6.8 koj yuav pom tau tias cov kws tshawb fawb cov npe tsis tuaj rau ntawm nws. Tiam sis, qhov chaw nyob xa rov qab yog mus rau qhov Counsel Political Consulting. Nyob rau hauv qhov lees paub rau daim ntawv, cov sau phau ntawv piav qhia: "Kev tshwj xeeb yog mus rau Mark Grebner ntawm Tswv Yim Muab Tswv Yim, uas tau tsim thiab ua tus xa ntawv xa tuaj ntawm no."

   1. Ntsuas siv cov kev kho mob no los ntawm plaub lub ntsiab cai coj los piav qhia hauv tshooj lus no.
   2. Ntsuas qhov kev kho mob raws li lub tswv yim ntawm contextual integrity.
   3. Dab tsi hloov, yog muaj, yuav koj pom zoo rau qhov kev sim no?
   4. Nws puas yuav cuam tshuam koj cov lus teb rau cov lus nug saum toj no yog Mark Grebner twb tau xa tawm zoo ib yam li lub sijhawm no? Feem ntau, cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum xav txog kev ntsuam xyuas cov kev pabcuam uas twb muaj lawm los ntawm cov kws kho mob?
   5. Xav txog tias koj txiav txim siab kom tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv pawg neeg kho mob, tiam sis tsis yog cov neeg hauv pawg tswj xyuas. Dab tsi yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov kev txiav txim no muaj peev xwm to taub qhov ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg pov npav ntawm cov neeg kho mob thiab kev tswj hwm?
   6. Sau ib daim ntawv lo lus zoo uas yuav tshwm sim nrog daim ntawv no thaum nws luam tawm.
   

   Daim duab 6.8: Tus neeg xa ntawv tuaj ntawm Gerber, Green, and Larimer (2008) . Tus xa ntawv no tau nce cov qhab nia li ntawm 8.1 feem pua ​​ntxiv, cov nyhuv loj tshaj plaws uas tau muab coj los rau ib tus xa ntawv xa tuaj xwb. Sau dua tshiab los ntawm kev tso cai los ntawm Gerber, Green, and Larimer (2008) , daim ntawv Appendix A.

6. [ ] Qhov no ua rau ntawm lo lus nug dhau los. Thaum cov 20,000 mailers tau xa (daim duab 6.8), nrog rau 60,000 lwm tus neeg xa ntawv uas tsis tshua muaj siab, muaj kev rov qab los ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, Issenberg (2012) qhia tias "Grebner [tus thawj coj ntawm Tswv Yim Nrhav Kev Sib Cai] tsis muaj peev xwm los xam pes tsawg tus neeg tau raug teeb meem los ntawm kev tsis txaus siab hauv xov tooj, vim hais tias nws chav ua haujlwm teb tshuab sai li sai tau cov neeg hu xov tooj tsis tuaj yeem tawm hauv xov xwm. "Qhov tseeb, Grebner tau sau tseg hais tias qhov nraub qaum ris yuav tau loj dua yog tias lawv tau ua raws li kev kho mob. Nws hais rau Alan Gerber, ib tus soj ntsuam ntawm, "Alan yog tias peb siv tsib puas txhiab daus las thiab them tag nrho lub xeev koj thiab kuv yuav nyob nrog Salman Rushdie." (Issenberg 2012, 200)

   1. Cov ntaub ntawv no puas hloov koj cov lus teb rau nqe lus nug dhau los?
   2. Cov tswv yim dab tsi los txiav txim siab nrog kev txiav txim siab hauv lub ntsej muag tsis meej yuav yog qhov koj pom zoo kom zoo sib xws yav tom ntej?

7. [ , ] Hauv kev xyaum, feem ntau kev sib cav sib ceg tshwm sim txog cov kev tshawb nrhiav uas cov kws tshawb fawb tsis muaj kev tso cai los ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom (piv txwv, peb qhov kev tshawb fawb tau piav nyob hauv tshooj lus no). Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib cav sib ceg kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau cov kev tshawb fawb uas muaj kev pom zoo tseeb. Tsim ib txoj kev kawm hypothetical uas koj xav tau kev tso cai los ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom, tiam sis koj tseem xav tias yuav tsis ncaj ncees. (Hint: Yog tias koj tsis paub tab, koj tuaj yeem sim nyeem Emanuel, Wendler, and Grady (2000) .)

8. [ , ] Cov neeg tshawb xyuas feem ntau tawm tsam lawv piav txog lawv txoj kev xav txog kev ncaj ncees rau sawv daws thiab rau sawv daws. Tom qab nws tau tshawb pom tias Tastes, Ties, thiab Time tau rov qab dua, Jason Kauffman, tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg neeg tshawb fawb, tau ua ob peb lub ntsiab lus piav txog kev ncaj ncees ntawm txoj haujlwm. Nyeem Zimmer (2010) thiab rov sau dua Kauffman cov lus uas siv cov tswv yim thiab kev coj zoo uas tau piav qhia hauv tshooj lus no.

9. [ ] Lub tsev txhab nyiaj yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg kawm txawj ntse tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tebchaws United Kingdom thiab paub txog txoj kev graffiti txoj cai (cov duab 6.9). Nws tus kheej yog leejtwg, txawm li cas los, yog ib qho tsis paub. Banksy muaj ib tus kheej lub website, yog li nws yuav ua nws tus kheej pej xeem yog nws xav, tab sis nws tau xaiv tsis. Hauv xyoo 2008, Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txhua Hnub tau luam tawm ib tsab xov xwm hais txog los qhia txog Banksy's real name. Tom qab ntawd, thaum xyoo 2016, Michelle Hauge, Mark Stevenson, D. Kim Rossmo thiab Steven C. Le Comber (2016) tau sim tshawb xyuas qhov kev thov no uas siv tus Dirichlet txheej txheem ntawm cov qauv kev sib tham. Ntxiv dua ntawd, lawv tau sau cov chaw nyob ntawm Banksy qhov kev nyiag graffiti hauv Bristol thiab London. Tom ntej no, los ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm qub thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov npav rau pej xeem, lawv nrhiav tau qhov chaw nyob yav dhau los ntawm tus neeg npe, nws tus poj niam, thiab nws football (piv txwv li, ncaws pob). Tus neeg sau phau ntawv nthuav tawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lawv cov ntawv raws li nram no:

   "Tsis muaj lwm yam loj" tus neeg txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav, nws yog qhov nyuaj ua cov lus hais txog Banksy tus kheej raws li qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau nthuav tawm ntawm no, tsis yog hais cov lus ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Geoprofiles hauv Bristol thiab London muaj xws li chaw nyob paub nrog [lub npe redacted]. "

   Tom qab Metcalf and Crawford (2016) , uas xav txog cov ntaub ntawv no ntau ntxiv, kuv tau txiav txim siab tsis muaj lub npe ntawm tus neeg thaum sib tham txog qhov kev tshawb fawb no.

   1. Ntsuas txoj kev tshawb no siv cov ntsiab cai thiab kev coj ncaj ncees hauv tshooj lus no.
   2. Koj puas tau ua qhov kev tshawb fawb no?
   3. Cov sau phau ntawv pov thawj pom qhov kev tshawb fawb no hauv cov qauv ntawm lawv cov ntawv nrog cov kab lus nram qab no: "Feem ntau, cov txiaj ntsim tau txhawb cov lus pom yav dhau los hais tias kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua phem ua phem (piv txwv, graffiti) qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim, thiab muab ib qho piv txwv txog kev siv tus qauv rau qhov nyuaj, qhov tseeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb. "Qhov no puas hloov koj lub tswv yim ntawm daim ntawv? Yog tias muaj, ua li cas?
   4. Cov sau phau ntawv muaj cov ntawv sau tom qab ntawv xaus tom qab ntawm lawv daim ntawv: "Cov sau phau ntawv yeej paub, thiab muaj kev sib fwm ntawm, [lub npe redacted] thiab nws cov txheeb ze thiab tsuas yog siv cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov pej xeem sau. Peb tau txhob txwm tshaj tawm txiav txim siab qhov chaw nyob. "Qhov no puas hloov koj lub tswv yim ntawm daim ntawv? Yog tias muaj, ua li cas? Koj puas xav tias pej xeem / ntiag tug kev txiav txim siab ua rau qhov kev txiav txim siab no?
   

   Daim duab 6.9: Thaij duab ntawm Cov Neeg Txawv Tuaj Yeem los ntawm Banksy nyob rau hauv Cheltenham, England los ntawm Kathryn Yengel, 2014. Source: Kathryn Yengel / Flickr .

10. [ ] Metcalf (2016) ua rau qhov kev sib cav tias "cov ntaub ntawv muaj feem xyuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug yog cov nyiam tshaj plaws rau cov neeg tshawb nrhiav thiab feem ntau pheej hmoo rau yam kawm."

    1. Dab tsi yog ob qho piv txwv uas txhawb qhov kev thov no?
    2. Nyob rau hauv tib tsab xov xwm no, Metcalf kuj hais tias nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev xav tias "tej ntaub ntawv raug mob tau ua tiav los ntawm ib lub koom haum dataset." Muab ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no yuav yog qhov xwm txheej.

11. [ , ] Hauv tshooj lus no, kuv tau npaj siab hais tias txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xwv tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj pov thawj tseeb thiab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj feem xyuam. Cov lus qhia 6.5 muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia tseeb tseeb ntawm tus kheej tab sis qhov ntawd tseem tuaj yeem txuas rau cov neeg tshwj xeeb.

    1. Xaiv ob qho ntawm cov qauv no thiab piav qhia qhov tseeb qhov tshwm sim rov tuaj dua rau hauv ob qho tib si muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws.
    2. Rau txhua qhov ntawm ob qho piv txwv hauv ib qho (a), piav qhia txog tias cov ntaub ntawv yuav qhia tau li cas txog cov neeg hauv cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg.
    3. Tam sim no xaiv peb qhov dataset los ntawm lub rooj. Sau email rau ib tus neeg uas xav tso nws tawm. Piav rau lawv li cas cov ntaub ntawv no yuav yog tus cwj pwm paub tseeb thiab muaj peev xwm heev.

    Table 6.5: Piv txwv ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv Xov Xwm Uas Tsis Txhob Muaj Ntaub Ntawv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tiag Tiag tab sis Tseem Tuaj Yeem Koom Nrog Cov Neeg Tshwj Xeeb

    Cov ntaub ntawv	Siv
    Cov ntaub ntawv pov hwm kev mob nkeeg	Sweeney (2002)
    Cov ntaub ntawv credit card cov ntaub ntawv	Montjoye et al. (2015)
    Netflix yeeb yam kev ntsuam xyuas cov ntaub ntawv	Narayanan and Shmatikov (2008)
    Xov tooj hu rau xov tooj	Mayer, Mutchler, and Mitchell (2016)
    Tshawb nrhiav ntaub ntawv	Barbaro and Zeller (2006)
    Demographic, kev khiav dej num, thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov tub ntxhais kawm	Zimmer (2010)

12. [ ] Muab koj tus kheej tso rau hauv txhua tus neeg nkawm khau nrog koj cov neeg koom thiab pej xeem, tsis yog koj cov phooj ywg. Qhov kev sib txuam no yog piav qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub Tsev Kho Mob Cheeb Tsam Yudas (Katz, Capron, and Glass 1972, chap. 1; Lerner 2004; Arras 2008) .

    Dr. Chester M. Southam yog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb thiab tshawb fawb ntawm lub koom haum Sloan-Kettering for Cancer Research thiab Associate Professor ntawm cov tshuaj hauv Cornell University Medical College. Lub Xya hli ntuj 16, 1963, Southam thiab ob tug npoj yaig tau txhaj cov kabmob cancer nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm 22 tus neeg mob cov neeg mob hauv lub Tsev Kho Mob Cheeb Tsam Yuda Tebchaws hauv New York. Cov kev xav no yog ib feem ntawm Southam txoj kev tshawb fawb kom nkag siab txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov neeg mob khees xaws. Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav yav dhau los, Southam tau pom tias cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb tuaj yeem tsis ntseeg cov kabmob qog nqaij hlav cancer hauv kwv yees li ntawm plaub mus rau 6 lub lis piam, qhov ntawd nws coj cov neeg mob uas twb muaj mob cancer lawm. Southam xav seb qhov kev ncua ntawm cov neeg mob khees xawj yog vim lawv muaj mob khees xawj los yog vim lawv laus laus lawm thiab tsis muaj teeb meem. Yuav kom tham txog cov sijhawm no, Southam txiav txim tias mob hnoos qog nqaij hlav cancer hauv cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg laus thiab cov neeg laus tabsis tsis muaj cancer. Thaum lo lus ntawm txoj kev tshawb no nthuav tawm, ua rau ib feem ntawm kev tuaj yeem ntawm peb tus kws kho mob uas tau thov kom koom nrog, qee qhov kev sib piv rau Nazi concentration camp Experiments, tab sis lwm tus-raws li qhov kev paub tseeb los ntawm Southam - nrhiav kev tshawb fawb tsis muaj teeb meem. Thaum kawg, New York State Board of Regents tau saib xyuas qhov teebmeem kom txiav txim siab seb Southam puas yuav tsum tau mus xyaum siv tshuaj ntxiv. Southam tau sib cav sib ceg nws hais tias nws tau ua "zoo tshaj plaws kev coj ntawm kev kuaj mob lub luag haujlwm." Nws tiv thaiv tau raws li ntau cov lus pom zoo, uas txhua tus txhawb los ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij uas tau ua tim khawv rau nws: (1) nws txoj kev tshawb fawb tau ntawm kev kawm siab thiab kev sib raug zoo; (2) tsis muaj kev txaus ntshai rau kev tuaj koom; ib daim ntawv thov raws li ib feem ntawm Southam lub 10 xyoo ntawm kev paub dhau los nrog ntau tshaj 600 hom kawm; (3) theem kev tshaj tawm yuav tsum muab kho raws li theem ntawm kev txaus ntshai uas tus kws tshawb fawb pom; (4) qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua raws li tus qauv ntawm kev kho mob thaum lub sij hawm ntawd. Thaum kawg, Regent pawg thawj coj pom Southam ua txhaum ntawm kev dag, kev dag ntxias, thiab kev coj tsis ncaj ncees, thiab ncua nws daim ntawv tso cai kho mob rau ib xyoos. Tiam sis, ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, Southam tau raug xaiv tsa thawj coj ntawm American Association ntawm Cancer Researchers.

    1. Ntsuas Southam txoj kev tshawb nrhiav uas siv plaub lub hauv paus ntsiab lus hauv tshooj no.
    2. Nws pom tau hais tias Southam coj qhov kev xav ntawm nws cov npoj yaig thiab thwj to taub tias lawv yuav ua li cas rau nws txoj haujlwm; nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ntau ntawm lawv ua tim khawv rau nws. Tiam sis nws tsis tuaj yeem los tsis txaus siab kom to taub tias nws txoj kev tshawb fawb yuav muaj teeb meem rau pej xeem. Koj xav hais tias koj xav li cas rau pej xeem lub tswv yim-uas yuav yog qhov txawv ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom lossis cov neeg muaj npe - yuav tsum muaj kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev ncaj ncees? Dab tsi yuav tsum tshwm sim yog tias cov tswv yim xav thiab cov neeg sib pam sib txawv txawv?

13. [ ] Nyob hauv ib daim ntawv hu ua "Crowdseeding nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Congo: Siv Xovtooj Xovtooj los mus Cuam Tshuam Cov Ntaub Ntawv Teebmeem hauv Cov Sij Hawm", Van der Windt thiab Humphreys (2016) piav qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia (saib tshooj 5) uas lawv tsim hauv Eastern Congo. Qha saib cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua le caag txug kev tsi paub meej txug kev tsim txom rua cov tuaj koom.

14. [ ] Nyob rau lub Kaum Hlis 2014, peb tug kws tshawb fawb tau xa cov xa ntawv mus rau 102,780 tus neeg pov npav hauv Montana-thoob 15% ntawm cov neeg pov npav rau hauv lub xeev (Willis 2014) -this ib feem ntawm qhov kev sim seb puas muaj cov neeg pov npav uas tau muab xov xwm ntau dua . Cov ntawv ceeb toom-uas tau sau hais tias "2014 Montana Cov Kev Xaiv Tsa Qhia Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Xaiv Tsa" nyob hauv Montana Supreme Court Ncaj Ncees cov neeg sib tw, hauv qhov kev xaiv tsa tsis yog tsis pub dhau, uas muaj kev sib tw los ntawm kev sib luag, uas suav nrog Barack Obama thiab Mitt Romney sib piv. Tus xa ntawv kuj tseem muaj qhov kev luam ntawm lub Great Seal ntawm lub xeev Montana (daim duab 6.10).

    Cov xa ntawv tau tsim cov lus tsis txaus siab los ntawm Montana cov neeg pov ntawv tawm suab, thiab lawv ua rau Linda McCulloch, Montana tus Secretary of State, los ua ib tsab ntawv tsis txaus siab nrog rau tsoomfwv xeev Montana. Cov tsev kawm ntawv uas ua haujlwm rau cov kws tshawb fawb-Dartmouth thiab Stanford-xa ib tsab ntawv rau txhua tus neeg uas tau txais lub xa ntawv, thov zam txim rau tej yam tsis meej pem thiab paub meej tias tus mailer "tsis koom nrog ib lub koom txoos, tus neeg sib tw lossis lub koom haum, thiab tsis tau npaj los ua kom muaj kev sib tw rau txhua haiv neeg. "Tsab ntawv kuj qhia ntxiv tias cov qeb lus" tau tso tawm rau pej xeem cov ntaub ntawv hais txog leej twg tau pub rau txhua lub phiaj xwm "(daim duab 6.11).

    Thaum lub Tsib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 2015, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Kev Lag Luam ntawm Lub Tebchaws ntawm Montana, Jonathan Motl, tau txiav txim siab tias cov neeg tshawb nrhiav tau ua txhaum Montana txoj cai lij choj: "Tus Thawj Coj tau txiav txim siab tias muaj cov ntsiab lus txaus los qhia tias Stanford, Dartmouth thiab nws cov neeg tshawb xyuas tau ua txhaum Montana kev sib tw siv cov cai lij choj uas yuav tsum tau sau npe, qhia tawm thiab qhia tawm kev ywj pheej ywj siab "(Muaj Nuj Nqis Nrhiav Kev Naj Npawb 3 hauv Motl (2015) ). Tus Thawj Coj kuj tseem pom zoo kom County Attorney soj ntsuam seb puas siv kev ywj pheej ntawm Montana ua txhaum Montana hauv xeev txoj cai (Motl 2015) .

    Stanford thiab Dartmouth tsis pom zoo nrog Motl qhov txiav txim. Ib tug Stanford spokesman hais tias Lisa Lapin hais tias "Stanford ... tsis ntseeg txhua txoj cai xaiv tsa tau ua txhaum" thiab hais tias kev xa ntawv "tsis muaj lus txhawb nqa los yog tawm tsam ib tus neeg sib tw." Nws tau taw qhia tias tus xa ntawv tau hais meej tias nws yog "nonpartisan and tsis txhawb ib tus neeg sib tw lossis tog twg " (Richman 2015) .

    1. Ntsuas txoj kev tshawb no siv plaub lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab ob lub qauv uas tau piav hauv tshooj no.
    2. Xav tias cov xa ntawv tau muab xa mus rau cov neeg xaiv tsa (tab sis ntau ntawm qhov no hauv ib pliag), nyob hauv cov xwm txheej twg hauv tsab ntawv xa no tau hloov kho qhov kawg ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Txoj Cai Kev Ncaj Ncees?
    3. Qhov tseeb, cov xa ntawv xa tsis tau xa mus rau ib qho kev xaiv ntawm cov neeg pov npav. Raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm Jeremy Johnson (ib tug kws tshawb fawb los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav), cov neeg xa ntawv "xa mus rau 64,265 tus neeg xaiv tsa uas yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj kev ncaj ncees rau cov ntseeg nyob hauv kev ywj pheej thiab 39,515 tus neeg tau txais kev pom zoo los ua tus thawjcoj rau cov ntseeg. Cov neeg tshawb xyuas tau pom hais tias qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov Thaj Tsam Xwm Daws Kev Ntseeg thiab Cov Neeg Nres ntawm thaj chaw uas lawv xav tias muaj kev xaiv tsa los ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm cov neeg xaiv tsa. "Qhov no puas hloov koj txoj kev tshawb fawb? Yog tias muaj, ua li cas?
    4. Hauv kev teb rau txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, cov neeg tshawb nrhiav tau hais tias lawv tau xaiv qhov kev xaiv tsa vim yog "tsis muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev ncaj ncees uas tau sib cav sib ceg hauv thawj. Raws li ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm 2014 thawj zaug kev xaiv tsa tau nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm yav dhau los Montana kev xaiv tsa kev xaiv tsa, cov kws tshawb fawb txiav txim siab hais tias kev tshawb fawb tshawb raws li tsim los yuav tsis hloov lub ntsiab lus ntawm ob contest " (Motl 2015) . Qhov no puas hloov koj txoj kev soj ntsuam ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb? Yog tias muaj, ua li cas?
    5. Qhov tseeb tiag, qhov kev xaiv tsa ua tsis tau tshwj xeeb (rooj 6.6). Qhov no puas hloov koj txoj kev soj ntsuam ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb? Yog tias muaj, ua li cas?
    6. Nws hloov tawm tias txoj kev tshawb fawb tau xa mus rau Dartmouth IRB los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov neeg tshawb xyuas, tab sis cov ntsiab lus tau txawv ntau ntawm cov kev kawm hauv Montana. Tus xa ntawv siv hauv Montana yeej tsis tau xa mus rau IRB. Txoj kev tshawb no tsis tau xa mus rau Stanford IRB. Qhov no puas hloov koj txoj kev soj ntsuam ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb? Yog tias muaj, ua li cas?
    7. Nws tseem qhia tias cov kws soj ntsuam tau xa cov ntaub ntawv pov npav zoo li 143,000 tus neeg pov npav hauv Kalifonias thiab 66,000 hauv New Hampshire. Raws li kuv paub, tsis muaj cov lus tsis txaus siab tau tsim los ntawm cov kwv yees li ntawm 200,000 tus neeg xa ntawv ntxiv. Qhov no puas hloov koj txoj kev soj ntsuam ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb? Yog tias muaj, ua li cas?
    8. Dab tsi, yog muaj dab tsi, koj puas tau ua txawv txawv yog tias koj yog tus thawj xibfwb hauv tsev kawm ntawv? Koj xav tsim txoj kev kawm li cas yog tias koj xav tshawb xyuas seb cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm puas tsub ntxiv rau cov neeg pov npav hauv cov haiv neeg tsis sib tw?

    Rooj ntawv 6.6: Cov ntsiab lus los ntawm 2014 Montana Supreme Court Kev Ncaj Ncees Kev Xaiv Tsa (Source: Webpage of Montana Tus Secretary of State)

    Cov Neeg Sib Tw	Votes tau txais	Feem pua
    Supreme Court Justice # 1
    W. David Herbert	65,404	21.59%
    Jim Rice	236,963	78.22%
    Supreme Court Justice # 2
    Lawrence VanDyke	134,904	40.80%
    Mike Nplej	195,303	59.06%

    

    Daim duab 6.10: Tus xa ntawv tau xa los ntawm peb tus kws tshawb fawb tau mus rau 102,780 tus neeg pov npav hauv Montana ua ib feem ntawm kev sim seb puas muaj cov neeg pov npav uas tau muab cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua tuaj yeem xav pov npav. Qhov piv txwv hauv qhov kev sim no yog kwv yees 15% ntawm cov neeg pov npav rau hauv lub xeev (Willis 2014) . Muab ua dua los ntawm Motl (2015) .

    

    Daim duab 6.11: Daim ntawv thov kev pabcuam uas raug xa mus rau 102,780 tus neeg pov npav hauv Montana uas tau txais lub xa ntawv tau muab tso rau hauv daim duab 6.10. Daim ntawv raug xa mus los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Dartmouth thiab Stanford, lub tsev kawm ntawv uas ua haujlwm rau cov neeg tshawb nrhiav uas xa cov xa ntawv. Muab ua dua los ntawm Motl (2015) .

15. [ ] Lub Tsib Hlis 8, Tsib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 8, 2016, ob tug neeg tshawb nrhiav-Emil Kirkegaard thiab Julius Bjerrekaer-scraped cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm qhov chaw sib tham hauv OkCupid thiab laj mej pej xeem tawm ntawm 70,000 tus neeg, nrog rau cov neeg hloov npe xws li username, hnub nyoog, tub los ntxhais, qhov chaw, kev ntseeg , cov kev xav txog kev xav txog kev sib cav, kev yos nyiam, cov duab ntawm cov duab, thiab lwm yam., thiab cov lus teb tau muab rau saum 2,600 cov lus nug rau ntawm qhov chaw. Hauv ib daim ntawv xov xwm nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv tawm, cov sau phau ntawv tau teev tias "Ib txhia yuav tawm tsam qhov kev sib sau ua ke thiab tso cov ntaub ntawv no. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv pom nyob rau hauv dataset yog los yog twb muaj laj mej pej xeem muaj, yog li tso qhov dataset no tsuas yog muab nthuav tawm nws nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv zoo dua. "

    Nyob rau hauv teb rau cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm, ib tug ntawm cov sau phau ntawv nug txog Twitter: "No dataset yog re-identifiable. Txawm tias muaj cov usernames? Puas muaj kev ua hauj lwm txhua yam ua kom tsis paub nws? "Nws teb tias" Tsis tau. Cov ntaub ntawv yog tsoomfwv. " (Zimmer 2016; Resnick 2016) .

    1. Soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm siv cov tswv yim thiab kev coj ncaj ncees uas tau tham hauv tshooj no.
    2. Koj puas siv cov ntaub ntawv no rau koj qhov kev tshawb fawb?
    3. Yuav ua li cas yog tias koj txauv lawv koj tus kheej?

16. [ ] Xyoo 2010, ib tug kws tshawb fawb txawj ntse nrog Teb Chaws Asmeskas tub rog tau muab 250,000 tso npe tawm rau cov koom haum WikiLeaks, thiab lawv tau xa tawm hauv Internet. Gill and Spirling (2015) tawm tsam tias "WikiLeaks kev tshaj tawm muaj peev xwm sawv cev rau trove ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tej zaum yuav raug coj los kuaj cov kev xav tsis sib haum nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo hauv international" thiab tom qab ntawd cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv leaked. Piv txwv li, cov kws sau ntawv kwv yees hais tias lawv sawv cev txog 5% ntawm tag nrho cov diplomatic cables thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, tab sis qhov kev faib ua feem no txawv ntawm Embassy mus Embassy (saib daim duab 1 ntawm lawv daim ntawv).

    1. Nyeem daim ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd mam li sau cov ntawv ntxiv rau qhov ntawd.
    2. Tus sau phau ntawv tsis txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xiam. Puas muaj ib qhov project uas siv cov cables uas koj yuav ua? Puas muaj ib qhov project uas siv cov cables uas koj tsis ua?

17. [ ] Yuav kom kawm tau li cas lub tuam txhab tau txais cov lus tsis txaus siab, tus kws tshawb fawb tau xa tsab ntawv fake tsis txaus siab mus rau 240 cov khw nojmov siab hauv New York City. Ntawm no yog ib qho excerpt los ntawm tsab ntawv fictitious.

    "Kuv tabtom sau tsab ntawv no rau koj vim tias kuv tabtom tawm tsam txog qhov tsis ntev los no kuv tau nyob hauv koj lub tsev noj mov. Tsis ntev dhau los, kuv tus poj niam thiab kuv tau ua kev zoo siab rau peb thawj zaug. ... Lub sijhawm tsaus ntuj tau pib thaum lub sijhawm pib tshwm sim txog plaub teev tom qab noj mov. Ntev lawm, ntuav, raws plab, thiab mob plab txhua tus taw rau ib yam khoom noj: zaub mov lom. Nws ua rau kuv npau taws cia li xav tias peb tus tshwj xeeb romantic hmo los ua rau kuv tus poj niam saib kuv curl nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw fetal nyob rau hauv pem teb tiled ntawm peb chav dej nyob rau ntawm nruab nrab ntawm ntuav li. ... Txawm hais tias nws tsis yog kuv lub tswv yim los sau cov lus ceeb toom nrog Lub Chaw Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj lossis Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, Kuv xav kom koj, [lub npe ntawm tus restaurateur], kom nkag siab txog qhov kuv tau los ntawm kev cia siab tias koj yuav teb rau qhov ntawd. "

    1. Tshawb xyuas qhov kev tshawb fawb no siv cov ntsiab cai thiab kev coj ncaj ncees uas tau piav qhia hauv tshooj lus no. Thaum koj ntsuam xyuas, koj puas kawm?
    2. Qhov no yog li cas cov khw nojmov uas tau txais tsab ntawv (Kifner 2001) : "Nws yog cov khoom siv ua zaubmov xws li cov tswv, cov thawj coj thiab cov kws ua zaubmov uas tshawb nrhiav los ntawm lub npe rau [lub npe redacted] lossis cov credit card cov ntaub ntawv, kuaj xyuas cov zaub mov thiab cov khoom xa tuaj rau tejzaum cov khoom noj txom ncauj, nug cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chav ua noj hais txog kev lapses, tag nrho qhov tau los ntawm ob qho tag nrho lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov xib fwb tam sim no yog lub lag luam kawm ntawv los ntawm ntuj raug txim. "Cov ntaub ntawv no puas hloov li cas koj ntsuas txoj kev tshawb no?
    3. Raws li kuv paub, txoj kev tshawb xyuas no tsis yog los ntawm IRB lossis lwm tus neeg thib peb. Puas yog koj hloov qhov koj txheeb xyuas qhov kev tshawb fawb? Vim li cas los yog vim li cas?

18. [ ] Lub tsev nyob rau nqe lus nug dhau los, kuv xav kom koj los sib piv nrog txoj kev tshawb no nrog ib txoj kev tshawb fawb txhua yam uas tseem koom nrog cov khw muag khoom. Nyob hauv lwm txoj kev tshawb no, Neumark thiab cov npoj yaig (1996) tau xa ob tug txivneej thiab ob tug menyuam kawm ntawv college rov qab los ua cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg tos txais 65 lub chaw nyob hauv Philadelphia. 130 daim ntawv sau npe siv rau 54 kev xam phaj thiab 39 txoj haujlwm. Txoj kev tshawb no pom muaj pov thawj zoo ntawm kev sib ntxub poj niam txiv neej rau cov poj niam hauv cov khw noj mov.

    1. Sau cov ntawv ntxiv rau txoj kev kawm no.
    2. Koj puas xav tias qhov kev tshawb fawb no txawv ntawm ib qho kev piav qhia hauv cov lus nug dhau los. Yog tias muaj, ua li cas?

19. [ , ] Qee lub sijhawm xyoo 2010, 6,548 tus xibfwb qhia ntawv hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau txais email zoo ib yam li no.

    "Nyob zoo Professor Salganik,

    Kuv tabtom sau ntawv rau koj vim kuv yog tus neeg xav tau Ph.D. tus menyuam kawm ntawv muaj kev txaus siab rau koj txoj kev tshawb fawb. Kuv lub hom phiaj yog thov rau Ph.D. cov kev pab cuam no tuaj lub caij nplooj zeeg, thiab kuv xav ua kom paub ntau npaum li kuv tuaj yeem hais txog kev tshawb fawb hauv lub sijhawm no.

    Kuv yuav nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv hnub no, thiab txawm tias kuv paub nws yog luv luv tsab ntawv, kuv xav tsis thoob tias koj yuav muaj 10 feeb thaum koj xav tuaj ntsib kuv nrog koj tham txog koj txoj haujlwm thiab tej yam zoo rau kuv tuaj koom nrog koj tshawb nrhiav. Txhua lub sij hawm uas yuav yooj yim rau koj yuav zoo rau kuv, thaum tuaj ntsib koj yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kuv lub tsev kawm ntawv.

    Ua tsaug rau koj ua ntej rau qhov koj xav tau.

    Ua Tsaug, Carlos Lopez "

    Cov emails tau fake; lawv yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev sim hauv cheeb tsam los ntsuas seb cov xibfwb muaj feem ntau yuav teb tau tus email nyob rau ntawm (1) lub sijhawm-hnub (hnub no tiv tiag tom ntej no lub lim tiam) thiab (2) lub npe ntawm tus neeg xa ntawv, uas yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov teeb meem haiv neeg thiab poj niam txiv neej (Carlos Lopez, Meredith Roberts, Raj Singh, thiab lwm yam). Cov neeg tshawb xyuas pom tau tias thaum cov lus thov tau ua kom sib ntsib hauv ib lub lis piam, Caucasian caug tau txais kev tso cai rau cov kws qhia ntawv txog 25% ntau tshaj cov poj niam thiab cov neeg tsawg. Tab sis thaum cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv tau thov cov rooj sib tham uas tib hnub ntawd, cov qauv no tau raug tshem tawm (Milkman, Akinola, and Chugh 2012) .

    1. Ntsuas qhov kev sim no raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab kev coj ua hauv tshooj lus no.
    2. Tom qab txoj kev tshawb fawb lawm, cov neeg tshawb xyuas tau xa cov lus sib tham hauv qab no rau tag nrho cov neeg tuaj koom.

    "Tsis ntev tas los, koj tau txais email los ntawm ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv thov txog 10 feeb ntawm koj lub sijhawm los tham txog koj tus Ph.D. qhov kev pab cuam (lub cev ntawm tsab email tuaj hauv qab no). Peb xa email tuaj rau koj hnub no los saib xyuas koj ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov email ntawd, raws li nws yog ib feem ntawm kev kawm tshawb fawb. Peb vam tias vam tias peb txoj kev tshawb no tsis ua rau koj muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab peb thov zam txim yog tias koj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tsis raug. Peb txoj kev cia siab yog tias tsab ntawv no yuav muab piav qhia meej txog lub hom phiaj thiab kev tsim ntawm peb txoj kev kawm kom txhawm rau txhawj xeeb txog koj cov kev txhawj xeeb uas koj muaj txog koj txoj kev koom tes. Peb xav ua tsaug rau koj lub sijhawm thiab rau kev nyeem ntawv ntxiv yog tias koj xav nkag siab txog vim li cas koj tau txais cov lus qhia no. Peb vam tias koj yuav pom qhov value ntawm txoj kev paub uas peb xav tias yuav ua nrog txoj kev kawm loj no. "

    Tom qab piav lub hom phiaj thiab kev tsim ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb, lawv tau hais ntxiv tias:

    "Tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav peb cov kev tshawb fawb, peb yuav xa lawv tawm ntawm peb cov websites. Thov so kom paub meej tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yuav raug qhia los ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb, thiab peb ntawm qhov kev kawm tsim kho kom peb tsuas yog muaj peev xwm los qhia txog cov qauv kev ua haujlwm hauv cov lus teb-tsis yog nyob ntawm tus kheej. Tsis pub ib tus neeg los yog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv twg yuav raug pov thawj hauv cov kev tshawb fawb los yog cov ntaub ntawv uas peb luam tawm. Qhov tseeb, txhua tus neeg teb email tsis muaj txiaj ntsim raws li muaj ntau yam txheej xwm vim li cas ib tug kws qhia ntawv yuav txais los sis tsis kam thov kev sib tham. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj twb tau de-qhia thiab cov lus teb email uas raug txheeb tau tawm lawm twb raug muab tshem tawm ntawm peb cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntsig txog. Ntxiv mus, thaum lub sij hawm thaum cov ntaub ntawv tau muab pov thawj, nws tau tiv thaiv nrog cov passwords zoo thiab ruaj ntseg. Thiab raws li ib txwm muaj thaum cov kev kawm ua kev tshawb fawb txog tib neeg cov kev kawm, peb cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom zoo los ntawm peb lub tuam txhab University Institutional Review Boards (Columbia University Morningside IRB thiab University of Pennsylvania IRB).

    Yog koj muaj lus nug txog koj txoj cai li kev tshawb fawb, koj tuaj yeem hu rau Columbia University Morningside Institutional Review Board ntawm [redacted] los sis xa email ntawm [redacted] thiab / los sis University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board [redacted].

    Ua tsaug rau koj dua rau koj lub sijhawm thiab kev nkag siab ntawm txoj haujlwm peb ua. "

    3. Cov lus sib cav rau kev sib cav sib ceg yog dab tsi? Dab tsi yog cov lus tawm tsam? Koj puas xav tias cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau sib tw nrog cov neeg koom hauv qhov teeb meem no?
    4. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv online, cov neeg tshawb xyuas muaj ib feem ntawm "Human Subjects Protections." Nyeem tshooj no. Puas muaj tej yam uas koj yuav ntxiv lossis tshem tawm?
    5. Dab tsi yog qhov nqi ntawm qhov kev sim no rau cov neeg tshawb xyuas? Dab tsi yog qhov nqi ntawm qhov kev sim no rau cov neeg tuaj koom? Andrew Gelman (2010) tau sib cav tias cov neeg tuaj koom hauv txoj kev tshawb xyuas no tau raug them rau lawv lub sij hawm tom qab qhov kev sim tau dhau. Koj puas pom zoo? Sim ua kom koj cov lus sib cav siv cov tswv yim thiab kev coj zoo nyob hauv tshooj lus no.