5.3.4 Xaus
Qhib cov lus qhib pab koj nrhiav kev daws teeb meem uas koj tuaj yeem hais meej meej tab sis hais tias koj tsis tuaj yeem daws koj tus kheej.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho peb qhib hu tej yaam num-Netflix nqi zog, Foldit, Peer-to-Patent-soj ntsuam nyiag cov lus nug ntawm ib tug daim ntawv no, solicited daws, thiab ces nqa lub ntsiab zoo tshaj. Cov soj ntsuam ntawm twb tsis yuav tsum paub qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov kws muaj txuj nug, thiab tej zaum lub zoo tswv yim los ntawm cov chaw npaj txhij.
Tam sim no kuv tseem tuaj yeem hais ob qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hu xovtooj qhib hu ua project and human humanity project. Ua ntej, hauv cov lus qhib hu rau tus neeg tshawb xyuas qhia txog lub hom phiaj (xws li, twv saib cov yeeb yam), whereas hauv tib neeg kev xam khwm, tus neeg tshawb xyuas qhia ib microtask (piv txwv li, kev faib tawm hauv galaxy). Thib ob, cov kws tshawb fawb xav tau qhov kev pab cuam zoo tshaj plaws-xws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua kom pom kev ua yeeb yam, qhov qis-zog ntawm cov khoom noj protein, los yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab-tsis muaj qee yam ntawm kev sib txuam ua ke ntawm tag nrho cov cov nyiaj pab.
Muab cov qauv txheej txheem rau kev qhib lus thiab cov qauv ntawm 3 yam no, cov teeb meem hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kev sib txuas lus twg yuav haum rau txoj kev no? Txij ntawm no mus, kuv yuav tsum lees paub tias tsis muaj ntau tus qauv ua tau zoo dua (vim li cas kuv mam piav ib pliag). Raws li kev ncaj qha analogs, ib tug yuav xav txog Peer-to-Patent style qhib hu ua siv los ntawm keeb kwm tshawb fawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntxov tshaj plaws los hais txog ib tus neeg lossis lub tswv yim. Ib qho kev qhib hu kom ze rau qhov teeb meem no yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj yog thaum cov ntaub ntawv uas tseem ceeb tsis yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tawm tsam tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws tab sis yog dav faib.
Feem ntau, tsoom fwv thiab cov tuam txhab muaj ntau yam teeb meem uas tej zaum yuav ua rau kev qhib lus qhib vim hais lus qhib muaj peev xwm tsim algorithms uas siv rau kev twv ua ntej, thiab cov kev twv no yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia rau kev ua haujlwm (Provost and Fawcett 2013; Kleinberg et al. 2015) . Piv txwv li, raws li Netflix xav twv txiaj rau cov yeeb yaj kiab, tsoom fwv tej zaum yuav xav twv txiaj ntsig xws li cov khw muag khoom noj muaj feem cuam tshuam kev yuam cai rau kev faib khoom xyuas kev soj ntsuam ntau dua. Kev txhawb nqa los ntawm qhov teeb meem no, Edward Glaeser thiab cov npoj yaig (2016) siv qhov kev qhib lus los pab lub nroog ntawm Boston paub txog tsev noj mov kev tu cev thiab kev ua txhaum kev ua txhaum raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Yelp xyuas thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb xyuas keeb kwm. Lawv kwv yees tias cov qauv kev twv ua ntej uas yeej qhov qhib qhib yuav ua kom cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kws ntsuam xyuas tsev noj mov muaj li ntawm 50%.
Qhib hu tuaj yeem siv tau los sib piv thiab sim tau theories. Piv txwv li, Fragile Families thiab Child Wellbeing Study tau tshawb pom txog 5,000 tus me nyuam txij thaum yug hauv 20 lub zos hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas (Reichman et al. 2001) . Cov neeg tshawb nrhiav tau khaws cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov menyuam yaus, lawv tsev neeg, thiab lawv qhov chaw dav rau thaum yug thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 1, 3, 5, 9, thiab 15 xyoos. Muab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov menyuam no, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tau zoo tshaj qhov ua tau zoo xws li leej twg yuav kawm tiav qib siab? Los yog, qhia rau hauv ib txoj kev uas yuav nthuav rau cov kws tshawb fawb ntxiv, uas cov ntaub ntawv thiab theories yuav zoo tshaj hauv kev twv seb cov txiaj ntsim tau zoo li cas? Vim tias cov menyuam no tsis muaj hnub nyoog txaus mus kawm ntawv qib siab, qhov no yuav yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev ncaj ncees, thiab muaj ntau ntau cov tswv yim uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau siv. Ib tug neeg tshawb nrhiav leej twg ntseeg tias cov zej zog yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib tw ua rau lub neej muaj kev sib haum xeeb, tab sis tus kws tshawb fawb uas tsom ntsoov rau tsev neeg yuav ua txhua yam txawv. Cov lej ntawm cov lej twg yuav ua haujlwm zoo dua? Peb tsis paub, thiab thaum paub txog, peb yuav kawm tau ib yam tseem ceeb txog tsev neeg, cov zej zog, kev kawm, thiab kev tsis sib xws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev twv yuav raug siv los coj cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg yav tom ntej. Cia li xav tias muaj tsawg tus neeg kawm ntawv qib siab uas tsis tau txheeb xyuas kom tiav los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov qauv; cov neeg no yuav tsum yog cov neeg sib tw ua zoo rau cov kev sib tham tau zoo thiab cov neeg kev tshawb fawb. Yog li, nyob rau hauv no hom qhib hu, qhov kev twv ua ntej tsis yog qhov kawg; tiam sis, lawv muab ib txoj kev tshiab los sib piv, muaj kev txhawb zog, thiab muab ntau tus qauv theoretical. Txoj kev sib tham no tsis yog hais txog kev siv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Fragile Families thiab Child Wellbeing Study kom twv seb leej twg yuav mus kawm rau qib siab; nws yuav raug siv los khwv yees tau txhua qhov kev tshwm sim uas yuav nws thiaj li tau sau nyob rau hauv txhua longitudinal social data set.
Raws li kuv tau sau ua ntej ntawm tshooj no, tsis muaj ntau yam piv txwv ntawm cov neeg tshawb xyuas kev sib tham uas siv qhib hu. Kuv xav hais tias qhov no yog vim hais tias qhib hu tsis zoo haum rau txoj kev uas cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau nug lawv cov lus nug. Rov qab mus rau Netflix Prize, tus kws tshawb fawb yuav tsis nug txog kev twv txiaj; tiam sis, lawv yuav nug txog tias yuav ua li cas thiab vim li cas cov haiv neeg txawv txawv rau cov neeg los ntawm kev sib txawv hauv cov chav kawm (saib eg, Bourdieu (1987) ). Xws li "ua li cas" thiab "yog vim li cas" lo lus nug tsis ua rau yooj yim verifiable daws, thiab yog li ntawd zoo li tsis haum kom qhib kev hu. Yog li, nws pom tau hais tias kev qhib lus yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov lus nug twv ua ntej tshaj li cov lus nug ntawm kev piav qhia . Tsis ntev los no theorists, tau hu rau cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev rov mus xyuas dua txog kev sib tw ntawm kev piav qhia thiab twv ua ntej (Watts 2014) . Raws li txoj kab ntawm qhov twv ua ntej thiab piav qhia txog qhov ntsej muag, kuv xav tias cov kev qhib hu yuav ua rau cov kev tshawb nrhiav kev sib raug zoo ntxiv.
