4.5.2 Hana like me ka mana
Aia ke emi koina, a māhuahua pālākiō, aka, he mea hiki hoʻololi i na ano o na komo, ohe., A me nā haumāna i hiki ia oukou ke hoʻohana.
Ka inoa no kekahi papa i hana ia iho, ua aia me ka ikaika hui e like me ka poʻe, Aupuni, ai ole ia NGO. I ka pono o ka hana me he hoalawepu, ua hiki ia lakou ke ai ia oukou e holo ho okolohua e oukou pono hiki ole ke hana ma oe ia oe iho. No ka mea, laʻana, kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua a pau aʻu e hai aku ia oukou i lalo ke komo pū o 61 miliona i komo; aole kanaka noiʻi hiki loaʻa ia me ka unahiʻole. I ka Ia manawa i aia maoli he mea hiki ia oukou ke hana,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka poʻe, a koi aku i ia oukou. No ka mea, laʻana, loa poʻe e ae mai ia oukou e holo i ka ho okolohua e hiki ke hoeha ia lakou hana, a me ko lakou kūlana. Hooikaika ana me na hoa no hoi o ia hoʻi, i ka wa e hiki mai ka manawa e kala aku, oe e hele mai ai ma lalo iho o puʻe "hou-kino" ko oukou mau hualoaʻa, a me kekahi mau hoa e hiki ho'āʻo e aeie i ka lehulehu ākea o ko oukou hana, ina e hana lakou i nana aku hewa. Eia ke oki, aia hoi ke hele mai me na koina e pili ana i ka ulu, a me ka malama ana i keia mau alu like.
Ka kāna mau 'ōlelo' aʻa O ka mea e nā mākau 'e hana i mau hui o wahoʻana, ua loaa ia makou kekahi ala e koe i ka pono o na aoao elua, a me ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka mea kaulike, he kōkua ala o Pasteur ka Quadrant (Stokes 1997) . Nui noiʻi manao nei ina lakou e hana ana i kekahi mea hiki-kekahi i ke lilo o ka ukupanee i he hoalawepu, alaila lakou i hiki ole ke hana maoli 'epekema. Keia mindset, e hana ia mea, ua paʻakikī e hanaʻana ke kūkaʻi 'ana, a me ia no hoi ka hana e lilo loa hewa. Ka pilikia i keia aoao o ka noʻonoʻo nō ka mea i mana ai ia manaʻo ma ka ke ala-poha noiʻi o ka biologist Louis Pasteur. Oiai e hana ana ma ke kalepa fermentation papahana e ke hoʻolilo i beet wai iloko o ka waiʻona, Pasteur loaa i ka hou papa o ka microorganism ka mea e ho'ōla i alakaʻi i ka germ kumumanaʻo o ka maʻi. Keia kaka Hoʻoponopono 'ka loa he mea hiki pilikia-he kōkua hoʻoikaika i ka kaʻina hana o ka fermentation, a ua alakai aku i ka nui' epekema mua. Pela, aole manao ana noiʻi me ka mea hiki palapala noi e like me ka noho ana ma kue me ka oiaio? Iie noiʻi, e aho e manao i keia e like me elua hookaawale Ana. Research hiki ke kūpaʻa ma ka hoʻohana 'ana (ai ole ia, aole) a me ka noiʻi hiki imi kumu hoomaopopo ana (ai ole ia, aole). Loi, kekahi noiʻi-e like me Pasteur's-hiki ke kūpaʻa ma ka hana a me ka imi kumu naʻauao, (ke Kii 4.16). Research ma Pasteur ka Quadrant-noiʻi i inherently hana 'ia he elua pahu hopu, he mea maikaʻi no ka mea, alu like ma waena o noiʻi a me na hoa. Haawiia mai ia kāʻei kua, au e hōʻikeʻelua papa hana haʻawina me ke kūkaʻi 'ana; i kekahi me ka lehulehu, a me kekahi, me ka NGO.
Kii 4,16: Pasteur ka Quadrant (nānā 'ana i lāʻau 3.5 mai Stokes (1997) ). Ma kahi o ka manao o ka noiʻi e like me kekahi "kumu" ai 'ole "noi," he pono e manao i ka noiʻi e like me kona kūpaʻa ana (ai ole ia, aole) a me ka imi kumu naʻauao, (ai ole ia, aole). An kumu o ka hana noiʻi i elua, ua kūpaʻa ma ka hana a me ka imi kumu naʻauao no Pasteur ka hana ma ka hoʻololi 'ana i beet wai iloko o ka waiʻona i na mea e alakai ai i ka germ kumumanaʻo o ka maʻi. ʻO Ia keʻano o ka hana i ka mea kūpono Ka Pakipika no ka mea, ke kūkaʻi 'ana, me ka mana. 'O kekahi hana kūpaʻa ma ka hana, aka, e haku i imi kumu manao a hele mai Thomas Edison, a me na ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka hana i mea ole kūpaʻa ma ka hana, aka, ka mea imi naʻauao hele mai Niels Bohr. Ike Stokes (1997) no ka mea, he oi aku ka hoʻokolokolo pono ka ohumu ana o keia? Aieao, a me kela mea keia mea o keia hihia.
Large poʻe, pakahi aku la iaʻenehana poʻe, ua ulu incredibly Ka Uluwehi O Ke aeuiiai ieaia? No ka holo luna 'ho okolohua. I kaʻenehana hana, o keia mau mea, ua pinepine kapa A / B ho'āʻo (no ka mea, hoao i ka laulā o elua ohe.: A a me B). Keia mau hoʻokolohua, he pinepine holo no na mea e like me hoʻoulu kaomi-ma holo 'awelika ma hoʻolaha pāʻoihana, aka, o ka mea mana aeuiiai ieaia? Hiki ke hoʻohana no hoi no ka noiʻi' ana e hana 'ia he' epekema hoomaopopo. An Eia ka Loaʻaʻia o keia ano keia ano o ka noiʻi 'ana e kahaki ii ka mea, he ao lawelawe' ia e kekahi hui ma waena o noiʻi ma Facebook a me ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, San Diego, ma ka hopena o ka okoa memo ma luna o koho turnout (Bond et al. 2012) .
Ma ka November 2, 2010, i ka lā o ka US congressional ke koho-a pau, 61 miliona Facebook mea hoʻohana e noho ana ma ka US, a ua ma luna o ka 18 lawe i ka ho okolohua e pili ana i ke koho mahele. Maluna o kipa Facebook, ua randomly ia mea hoʻohana i loko o kekahi o ekolu pūʻulu, ka mea i paa i ka hae (ina kekahi) Ua kau ma ka piko o ko lakou News Feed (Kii 4.17):
- ka hooponopono pūʻulu.
- he informational memo ana koho me ka clickable "I hooholoia" pihi a me ka ee (Ka 'īpuka).
- he informational memo ana koho me ka clickable "I hooholoia" pihi a me ka loan + inoa, a me nā kiʻi o ko lākou mau makamaka, ka poe i kaomi 'ana mua o ka "I hooholo" (Ka' īpuka + pilina).
Bond, a me nā hoapili aʻo ka papa kuhikuhi nā haumānaʻelua; hōʻike i koho ma ka lakou hana ana, a me maoli ke koho 'ana. Mua, aole lakou i ike ai kanaka ma o ka 'īpuka komo + nohona hui e kokoke ana 2 pakeneka i koe e kiʻi mai ia ma mua o nā kānaka i loko o ka puke Ka' īpuka hui e Bus "I hooholoia" (ma kahi o 20% kakou 18%). Eia, mahope iho o ka noiʻi merged ko lakou mauʻikepili me akea i loaʻa ke koho mooolelo no ka mea, ma kahi 6 miliona kanaka i loaa ia lakou ka mea e nā kānaka ma loko o ka 'īpuka komo + nohona hui he 0,39 pakeneka i koe e kiʻi mai ia nae koho ma mua o nā kānaka i loko o ka hooponopono ana, a me ka poʻe kānaka i loko o ka puke Ka' īpuka pūʻulu e like me ka ao ao e koho, e like me nā kānaka i loko o ka mana ano (Kii 4.17).
Kii 4,17: Results mai ka E-mai-ka-koho hoʻokolohua ma Facebook (Bond et al. 2012) . I komo i loko o ka puke Ka 'īpuka pūʻulu hooholoia ma ka ia like e like me nā kānaka i loko o ka mana ano, aka, na kanaka ma ka' īpuka komo + nohona hui hooholoia ma ka uku iki kiʻekiʻe. Lāʻau kī, he hōʻailona o aayoaeuiinoe 95% wiwo oleʻanuʻu. Hualoaʻa ma ka pakuhi puke ma kahi o 6 miliona i komo no ka mea noiʻi hiki aʻohe i ke koho moʻolelo.
Keia hoʻokolohua hōʻike i kekahi online, E-i-ka-koho memo ua oi aku kona mana mamua o kekahi, aʻo ka mea hōʻike i nā kānaka noiʻi ka olelo no ka laulā o ka hana e hiki ai ke kaukaʻi paha lakou i hoʻopaʻa haʻawina hoike ole maoli 'ana. Keia hoʻokolohua Akā naʻe, aole i kaumaha kekahi clues e pili ana i na maomeka ma i ka nohona ike-a kekahi noiʻi i kapaʻia playfully ka "maka wahie" -increased ke koho. He hiki no i ka nohona ike māhuahua ka probability i ka mea nana i ka hae a i mea hoomahuahua i ka probability i ka mea nana i ka pala o ka hae maoli hooholoia ai 'elua. Pela, ua hoʻokolohua hoʻolako i Fun mea i hoʻoholo 'ana hou nā kānaka noiʻi e paha makaikai i (e nānā IAOEIAaO, Bakshy, Eckles, et al. (2012) ).
Ma waho aʻeo ka hoʻokikina i ka pahu hopu o ka noiʻi, i keia ho okolohua no hoi i hoʻonoho mai i ka pahu hopu o ka hoa hui (Facebook). Ina e hoololi i ka hana aʻo, mai koho i kūʻai kopa, alaila oukou e ike ai i ke hoʻopaʻa i ka kiko'ī like 'ole e like me ka ho okolohua e ana i ke kanawai o ka online, Hōʻikeʻike' ia (e nānā i IAOEIAaO, Lewis and Rao (2015) ). Keia mau hoʻolaha laulā haʻawina pinepine ana i ke kanawai o ka waiū i online, hoʻolaha pāʻoihana-na ohe. Ma Bond et al. (2012) ua basically hoʻolaha pāʻoihana no ke koho ana, ma kahi waiho 'ana. Pela, i keia study hiki Facebook ka waiwai e noiʻi i ka laulā o ka online, hoʻolaha mua a hiki kōkua Facebook hoomaopopoʻia Nupepa Advertiser o Facebook hoʻolaha pāʻoihana, he pono ka.
'Aʻole nō naʻe i ka pono o ka noiʻi a me na hoa i ka hapanui aligned ma keia ao, ua hoi hapa' ia i loko o tension. I like ko, ka auaaeaiea i komo i ka ekolu keia-mana, info, a me ka 'Ikepili + ka nohona-ua tremendously imbalanced: 98% o ka hāpana ua häʻawi mai ai iä' īpuka komo + nohona. Keia imbalanced auaaeaiea ua inefficient statistically, a he nui maikai auaaeaiea no ka noiʻi ina ua Ua 1/3 o ka poe i komo iloko o kela a me keia hui. Aka, i ka imbalanced auaaeaiea hanaia no ka mea, Facebook makemake a pau e loaa i ka 'īpuka komo + nohona kanaka. Mea pōmaikaʻi, ka noiʻi hoomaopopoia lakou e paa hou mai 1% no ka Related lapaau, a me 1% o ka i komo no ka hooponopono hui. Me ka hooponopono pūʻulu ka mea, ina ua basically ole e ana i ke kanawai o ka 'īpuka komo + nohona lapaʻau, no ka mea, ina ua he "pīhoihoi ka manaʻo, ae mālama" hoʻokolohua mamua o ka randomized lāʻau hoʻokolohua. Keia hana 'oi aku ka waiwai mea hiki haʻawina no ka hana me na hoa, i kekahi manawa, ia oukou e hana hoao ma ka hoomaopopoia'na o kekahi e hoopakele i ka lapaau, a me kekahi manawa oukou ho okumu i hoao ma ka hoomaopopoia'na o kekahi, aole e haawi i ka hana (' o ia hoʻi, e hana i ka hooponopono ana pūʻulu).
Hui, aole ia e mau pono i ka pūʻenehana poe a me ka A / B ho'āʻo me na miliona o na komo. No ka mea, laʻana, Alexander Coppock, Andrew koho, a me John Ternovski (2016) hoʻolaukaʻi me ka aneie NGO (Oʻahu, o ka mālama 'koho) e holo ho okolohua ho'āʻo okoa papa kōnane no ka paepaeʻana nohona mobilization. I ka noiʻi hoʻohanaʻia ka NGO ka Twitter no e hoouna aku lehulehu Tweets, a me nā moʻopuna memo i ho'āʻo ai i Kuhina Nui nāʻano o nā identities a elua. I ka noiʻi a laila ana aʻelaʻo ia ka mea o keia mau memo he mea mana no ka hooikaika ana kanaka e kakau i ka palapala hoopii a me ka retweet ike e pili ana i ka palapala hoopii.
| Topic | mau kuhikuhina |
|---|---|
| Kanawai o Facebook News E hanai oe i ike kaʻana like | Bakshy, Rosenn, et al. (2012) |
| Kanawai o ka hapa anonymity i hana ma online no ka launa pū punaewele | Bapna et al. (2016) |
| Kanawai o ka Home Energy hoike ma uila oAaEeIeIAaIAeO | Allcott (2011) , Allcott and Rogers (2014) , Allcott (2015) , Costa and Kahn (2013) , Ayres, Raseman, and Shih (2013) |
| Kanawai o ke mail app manao ma viral hohola | Aral and Walker (2011) |
| Kanawai o ka hoholaʻano papa hana ma diffusion | Taylor, Bakshy, and Aral (2013) |
| Kanawai o ka lawelawe 'ike i loko o hoʻolaha | Bakshy, Eckles, et al. (2012) |
| Kanawai o ke Kahua alapine (frequency) ma luna o kuai ma o Kahua, a me online, no ka mea, nāʻano o nā nā mea kūʻai mai | Simester et al. (2009) |
| Kanawai o ka hiʻona 'ike maʻia hana noi | Gee (2015) |
| Kanawai o ka loiloi mua Estate ma hiʻona | Muchnik, Aral, and Taylor (2013) |
| Kanawai o ka memo maʻiʻo ma luna o pili aupuni mobilization | Coppock, Guess, and Ternovski (2016) |
Nohona, aia me ka mana mau hiʻohiʻona nō ia oukou hana ana ma ka unahiʻole, i ka mea paakiki i ka hana ole, a me ka Papa 4,3 hāʻawi na examples o ke kūkaʻi 'ana ma waena o noiʻi, a me ka hoʻonohonohoʻia. Aia hiki e nui maʻalahi ma mua o ke kūkuluʻana i kou mau hoʻokolohua. Aka, o keia mau pono e hele mai me na keakea; ke kūkaʻi 'ana ke kaupalena i na ano o na komo, ohe., A me nā haumāna i hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa haʻawina. Eia, keia mau kūkaʻi 'ana, ke alakai i ethical hana nui loa ia. Ka pono alanui e ke kina ole ka manawa, no ka hui o waho mea e nana ole i kekahi maoli pilikia e hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻoponopono i ko oukou e hana hoihoi '' epekema. Inā 'oe e ka maa ole i keia aoao o ka nānāʻana i ke ao nei, he hiki ke hana i kahi pilikia ma Pasteur ka Quadrant, aka, me ka hana, oe e hoʻomaka e nana ole ia lakou aku, a aku.
