Ho okolohua maʻamau ana i ka awelika kanawai, aka, i ka hookoia e hiki ke 'okoʻa no ka mea, okoa kanaka.
Ka lua o ki manaʻo no ka neʻe ma o aku o na mea ho okolohua he heterogeneity o ke kanaka waiwai. No ka ike maopopo ana o Schultz et al. (2007) loa kahaki ii ka i ka hana e hiki ai i okoa loa iʻano o na kanaka (Kii 4.4), aka, o keia Ka Ikepili o ka heterogeneity, ua lilo loa hana no ka Analog makahiki hoʻokolohua. Most Analog makahiki ho okolohua pū kekahi poe he uuku o na i komo i ua malamaia lakou nei, e like me interchangeable "hāmeʻa" no ka mea, uuku no lakou, ua ikeia ka mālama '-lapaau. Ma kikohoʻe hoʻokolohua, nae, o keia mau ikepili constraints ua emi iho, he pono ole no ka noiʻi kamaʻilioʻana e loaa hou i komo, a ike hou no lakou. Ma keiaʻokoʻa ike 'ia, ia kakou ke manaʻo heterogeneity o ka lapaʻau waiwai i mea e hoʻolako clues e pili ana i ka iapaau ana hana, pehea la ia e hiki ai ke hou, a pehea la e hiki ai ke hoʻomāka i ka poe ka hapanui e kiʻi mai ia pono ai.
Elua examples o ka heterogeneity o ka lapaau 'ole ma o ka pōʻaiapili o ka lawelawe kūmau a me ka ikehu i hele mai, mai hou noiʻi ma o ka Home Energy ai ia mau moʻolelo. Mua, Allcott (2011) hoʻohana i ka nui laʻana nui (600,000 nā hale o) e hou Wāwahi i ka hāpana, a me ke kiÿeleo i ke kanawai o ka Home Energy Hoike ma decile o ka mālama '-kanaka ka ikehu oAaEeIeIAaIAeO. Ia Schultz et al. (2007) loaa oko ao ma waena o kaumaha a me ka malamalama mea hoʻohana, Allcott (2011) i ike ai aia he poe no hoi oko iloko o ke kaumaha a me ka malamalama mea hoʻohana hui. No ka mea, laʻana, ka mea heaviest mea hoʻohana (ka poʻe i loko o ka luna decile) hoemiia ko lakou ikehu oAaEeIeIAaIAeO palua e like me ka mea i loko o ka muliwai, a me ke kaumaha hoʻohana pūʻulu (Kii 4.7). Eia, aayoaeuiinoe i ke kanawai ma ka mālama '-lapaʻau' ana nō hoʻi e hōʻike ana e, aole kekahi kanaka boomerang ia a hiki i ka hoa mea hoʻohana (Kii 4.7).
Ma ka hai ao, Costa and Kahn (2013) nūnē ai ka laulā o ka Home Energy Report ke oko a ma muli o ka i komo ka ideology pili aupuni, a i ka iapaau ana i maoli kumu poe kanaka me kekahi ideologies, e hoomahuahua i ko lakou uila ana. Ma na olelo e, ka mea nūnē nui na mea o ka Home Energy ai ia mau moʻolelo e lilo paha auanei e pili ana i ka boomerang kanawai no kekahi mauʻano o nā kānaka. E Loiloi i keia manawa kūpono, Kosta a me Kahn merged ka Opowerʻikepili meʻikepili kuai ai, mai ke kolu o ka-aoao hōʻiliʻili nūhou i komo pū 'ike e like me pili aupuni aoao kakau ana, donations ia a puni, a papa hana, a me ko ka hale ona komo i loko o nā pāhana ikehu papahana. Me keia merged dataset, Kosta a me Kahn loaa ai ka Home Energy ai ia mau moʻolelo i na broadly like 'ole no ka mea i komo i keʻano ideologies; mea, aole he hoike i kekahi hui hōʻike boomerang 'ole (ke Kii 4.8).
E like me keia mau examples kahaki, i loko o ka mīkini makahiki, ia kakou ke neʻe mai aayoaeuiinoe awelika hana 'ole i aayoaeuiinoe i ka heterogeneity o ka iapaau ana waiwai, no ia kakou ke loaa na mea he nui loa i komo a makou i ike e pili ana ia mau i komo. Ke aʻo 'ana e pili ana i heterogeneity o ka lapaʻau waiwai e hiki ai targeting o ka hana i kahi mea, he mea pono ka, e hoomakaukau i mea e stimulate hou kumumanaʻo ulu, ae hoomakaukau i kėia manawa e pili ana i ka hikiʻano papa hana, ke kumuhana i ka mea aʻu e huli ae.