kōmike i paiiaʻi

I loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE kikokikona, au ana no e causal kuleana ka politika-mana ikepili me maoli hoʻokolohua, a me'ālike. Ma keia i paiiaʻi na, e alakaʻi mai i ka Loaʻaʻia nā haumāna ÷, ae hoakaka hou precisely na kanawai a pau i makemake ia no ka causal kuhi mai observational ikepili. Keia mokuna, e kauo maluna o Morgan and Winship (2014) , a me Imbens and Rubin (2015) .