2.4.1.3 Censorship o ka lawelawe Media ma ka Chinese aupuni

Noiʻi kepa Chinese nohona Media ioauoa e noiʻi i censorship. Lakou i hana mai ai iā incompleteness me ka latent-kāna moʻolelo kuhi.

Ma waho aʻeo ka nui ikepili i hoʻohanaʻia i loko o ka mua examples elua, noiʻi hiki no hoi e ohi i ko lakou mau observational aeaiiua, e like me ua mana ai ia manaʻo ma ka Gary King, Jennifer pa pulehu, a Molly Roberts ' (2013) noiʻi ma censorship ma ka Pake aupuni.

Social Media mau kia ma Kina, ua censored e mea nui ana i hoʻomākaukauʻia i ka mea i manao ai e komo na umi tausani o na kanaka. Noiʻi a me na kanaka, nae, ua uuku ano o ko keia mau censors e hoʻoholo i nā maʻiʻo e e holoiʻia mai ka nohona Media. Haumana o Kina nae i conflicting 'upu' e pili ana i keia ano o na pou, he loa no ka holoiʻia. Kekahi manao nei censors kālele ana ma ka lapauila o ka poe noho pilikia o ka moku'āina oiai kekahi manao lakou e kālele ana ma ka lapauila i paipai like 'ana, e like me kue. Kii mai pololei ana o keia mau 'upu' he mea implications no ka noiʻi maopopo Kina, a me na authoritarian aupuni e komo i loko o censorship i ka. Nolaila, ke alii, a me nā hoapili makemake e hoohalike elele, ka poe i paʻiʻia ai a laila holoiʻia i ka elele, ka poe i paʻiʻia, a aole loa holoiʻia.

Kaʻohiʻana i kēia mau pou 'ole ka hana' enekinia, āiwaiwa mama o crawling oi aku mamua o 1,000 Chinese nohona Media punaewele-kela mea keia mea me ka okoaʻaoʻao layouts-loaa ia i nā kia, a laila, revisiting mau kia, e ike i ka poe a laila holoiʻia. Ma waho aʻeo ka maʻamau 'enekinia, pilikia pili i nui ka unahiʻole, pūnaewele-crawling, i keia papahana i ka hui pu' aʻa i ka mea e pono ai e like loa ia, no ka mea, ua lawe iho la na mea he nui censored pou i emi malalo o 24 hora. Ma kekahi olelo, he kali hoʻi koʻu crawler e hala hailona o na elele, ka poe i censored. Eia, o na crawlers ua e hana i kēia 'ikepili ohi oiai evading ka loaʻaʻana o ka nohona Media punaewele kal ke kōkua o, a ano e ae hoololi hou no ia i ko lakou mau kulekele i pane aku ai ka mahele.

Once keia papakaukau ka hana 'enekinia hana, ua kauohaʻia, ke alii, a me nā hoapili ua loaa he 11 miliona mau elele maluna o 85ʻokoʻa kumuhana apau loa i ua mālama'-i hoakaka ia ma muli o ko lākou kakali ana i kiʻekiʻe o ka pā lonoaʻili. No ka mea, laʻana, he kumuhana o ka kiʻekiʻe pā lonoaʻili o Ai Weiwei, ka dissident artist; he kumuhana o ka waena pā lonoaʻili, he mahalo, a me devaluation o ka Pake kālā, a me ke kumuhana o ka haahaa pā lonoaʻili,ʻo ia ka World Cup. O keia 11 miliona pou ma kahi o 2 miliona i censored, aka, mau kia ma luna nui ikepili koʻikoʻi kumuhana apau loa, ua censored wale iki aku pinepine ma mua o nā kia ma waena a me ka haahaa pā lonoaʻili kumuhana apau loa. Ma kekahi olelo, Chinese censors ua puni i kiʻi mai ia e censor ka lapauila i Shoes Ai Weiwei e like me ka lapauila e Shoes ka World Cup. O keia mau mea, ua ulu 'Aʻohe i ka simplistic manaʻo i ke aupuni censors na kia ma ikepili koʻikoʻi kumuhana apau loa.

Keia mea i ka ho omaulia o ka censorship ana ma kumuhana hiki e aʻe, nae. No ka mea, laʻana, ke aupuni i censor pou i ka poe ma hope o Ai Weiwei, aka, waiho mau kia, i ka poe pilikia o ia. I mea e maopopo i waena o nā kia nui pono, ka noiʻi pono e ana i ka olelo la o kēlā kia kēia kia. Pela, ala hookahi, e manao ana he mea ia o ka olelo la a pau o kela a me keia wahi o ka nui latent hiʻona o kēlā kia kēia kia. Eia naʻe, manaʻo huhū nui hana, maopopo automated ki ina hana o ka olelo la ka loaʻaʻana me ka mālama 'na puke wehewehe i koe, aole loa e pono iloko o na wahi, i hiki (manao hou i na pilikia okumu i ka' ehaʻeha o palena manawa o Sepatemaba 11, 2001, mai ka Pauku 2.3.2.6). Nolaila, ke alii, a me nā hoapili pono ke ala e lepili i ko lakou 11 miliona nohona me Media mau kia e like me na ina paha he 1) noho pilikia o ke aupuni, 2) ma hope o ke aupuni, ai 'ole 3) pili' ole factual lono e pili ana i na hanana. Keia kani e like me ka papakaukau 'oihana, aka, lakou Hoʻoponopono' ia ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka ikaika liana; kekahi i ka mea pono ole ma ka aeaiiuo 'epekema, aka, a ianoiyuaa a kŘpa a pohihihi keia ma ka lawelawe' epekema.

Mua, iloko no i koe nō kāu kapaia mālama '-aaioee, ka noiʻi hoohuliiaʻi i ka nohona Media nā lāʻau kū i loko o kekahi palapala ai-makahiki mua, a ma laila kekahi lalani, no kela a me keia palapala, a me hoʻokahi kolamu i palapala ia paha ke kia he kekahi'ōlelo (e like me, palapala, kalepa ae la lakou, etc.). Aʻe, he hui i ka noiʻi kōkua lima, i hiki ke olelo la o ka hāpana o ka pou. A laila, King a me nā hoapili hoʻohana i kēia lima, 'ae' ikepili e manaʻo i ka mīkini aʻo ÷ e hiki infer i ka olelo la o ka lapauila ma muli o kona 'ano. Eia ke oki, lakou hoʻohana i kēia mīkini aʻo ÷ ke hoʻomaopopoʻia ka olelo la a pau o na mea a pau 11 miliona pou. Pela, aole hana lima ka heluhelu a me ka lepili 11 miliona pou, (ka mea e lilo logistically hiki ole), lakou hana lima 'ae' ia kekahi poe he uuku o na pou, a laila, i ka ikepili ka noiʻi e kapa ke hoʻoponopono i ke aʻo ke hoʻomaopopoʻia ka waeʻano o na mea a pau i na kia i hoʻohana. Ma hope o ka hoʻopiha 'ana i kēia Ka Ikepili, ua hiki ke manao nei makou alii, a me nā hoapili, iki surprisingly, ke probability o ka lapauila a ua holoiʻia, he unrelated no paha ka mea, he pilikia o ka noho ana, a ma hope o ka moku'āina.

Kii 2.3: Nohie schematic no ka mea, o ke kaʻina hanaʻia i loko o King, Pan, and Roberts (2013) i aayoaeuiinoe i ka olelo la a ke 11 miliona Chinese nohona Media pou. Mua, iloko no i koe nō kāu kapaia mālama '-aaioee, ka noiʻi hoohuliiaʻi i ka nohona Media kia i loko o kekahi palapala ai-makahiki mua (nānā Grimmer and Stewart (2013) no ka' ike hou aku). Lua, ka noiʻi lima-karaima mai o ka olelo la o ka uuku hāpana o na pou. Ke kolu, ka noiʻi i hoomakaukauia i ke hoʻoponopono i aʻo ÷ e classify i ka olelo la a pou. Ha, ka noiʻi hoʻohanaʻia ka ke hoʻoponopono i aʻo ho ke hoʻomaopopoʻia ka olelo la a pau o na kia. E nānā i King, Pan, and Roberts (2013) , i paiiaʻi B no ka mea, he oi aku ka piha ano.

Ma ka hopena, Moi a me nā hoapili ikeia i ua mau censored wale ekoluʻano o nā pou: pornography, criticism o na censors, a me ka poe i like 'ʻia (' o ia hoʻi, ka manawa kūpono o ke alakai i nui-unahiʻole, i kue). Ma ka nānā i ka nui helu o na elele, ka poe i holoiʻia a me nā kia a pau, aole i holoiʻia, ua hiki ke aʻo mai i na censors hana pono e kiai ana, a helu lakou alii, a me nā hoapili. Ma mahope noiʻi, lakou nae i pono intervened iloko o ka Chinese lawelawe Media ke kaiaola e pili ana, i systematically okoa oluolu a me ka ana a loaa ka censored (King, Pan, and Roberts 2014) . E aʻo kakou e pili ana mana hoʻokokoke mai ma ka Mokuna 4. Eia, foreshadowing ka theme like ka mea e hana ma ka buke, keia mau latent-kaila kuhi pilikia, a hiki i kekahi manawa e Hoʻoponopono 'ia me ke hoʻoponopono i ke aʻo, huli mai e lilo loa, he pono ole iloko o ka lawelawe noiʻi ma o ka mīkini makahiki. Oe e ike nā kiʻi mea i like loa ke Kii 2.3 ma na Mokuna 3 (e noi ana nīnau) a me 5 (e pili ana nuipa a laulima); he mea kekahi o ka poʻe mau manaʻo a pau i ke mau mokuna.

A pau ekolu o keia mau hoailona, ​​i ka hana hana o ke kaʻa'ōhua O Keaukaha i loko o New York, aloha ho okumu ma nā haumāna, a me nā pilina me Media, censorship hana o ka Pake aupuni-hoike i kŘpa mea helu o observational ikepili hiki ai noiʻi e hoao theoretical wānana. Ma kekahi mau hihia, nui ikepili mau hiʻohiʻona nō ia oukou e hana i keia helu kŘpa pono (e like me ia i ka hihia o New York Taxis). Ma kekahi hihia, noiʻi e pono e ohi i ko lakou mau observational ikepili (e like me ia i ka hihia o ka Pake censorship); e hana me ka incompleteness ma ka mergingʻikepili pu (e like me ia i ka hihia o ka pukapuka evolution); a lawelawe kekahi ano o latent-kāna moʻolelo kuhi (e like me ia i ka hihia o ka Pake censorship). E like me aʻu i manaolana mau hoailona hoike, no ka mea, noiʻi ka mea, ua hiki ia oe ke noi mai ia i hoihoi i nīnau, nui kaua olelo nui.