2.3.2.2 Inaccessible

Ikepili paʻa ma ka pāʻoihana a me na aupuni he paʻakikī ka noiʻi e nānā.

In May 2014, i ka US National maluhia papahana wehe i ka aeaiiuo oaio ma kua'āina Utah i ka mea awkward inoa, ke akamai Community Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative ikepili Center. Eia naʻe, ua 'ike oaio, ka mea i hele mai ai eʻikeʻia e like me ka Utah Ikepili Center, ua hoike e loaa aʻo lua uea. Hana hoike alleges i ka Utah Ikepili Center, ua hiki ke hoahu ae kō na ano a pau o ke kamaʻilio 'ana a me "ka piha Contents o kekahi emails, ke kelepona hele mau kāhea, a me Google huli, e like me na hana a pau o ka ikepili Trail-i? Iaie? Loaa, hele itineraries , poʻokela kūʻai lilo mai kekahi, a me kekahi mau kikohoʻe 'eke litter' " (Bamford 2012) . Ma waho aʻeo ka hooho ana i pili e pili ana i ka 'ikepili' ano o ka nui o ka 'ike i loko o pio nui ikepili, ka mea e e oi lalo hōʻike, ka Hawaii Ikepili Center mea, he lōʻihi mamuli o ka waiwai aeaiiuo kumu e ka mea inaccessible i ka noiʻi. More nui, na kumu o ka nui ikepili i makemake e pono i ka noiʻi ua lāʻau a? Aiiie e aupuni (e like me, auhauʻikepili, a me ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ikepili) a me na poe (e like me,'ōlelo āna e huli kiko'ī a me ka kelepona hea meta-ʻikepili). No laila, eʻaʻole e loaʻa koke i ka noiʻi ma kulanui kēia mau aeaiiua, ae loa au aole hiki e loaʻa i ka noiʻi i loko o nā aupuni a me poʻe.

Ma koʻu ho'āʻoʻana, he nui noiʻi ma muli ma kulanui hoomaopopo ole i ke kumu o keia inaccessibility. Keia mau ikepili aole inaccessible no ka poe kanaka i poe a me na aupuni he naʻaupō, palaualelo, a me uncaring. E aho, ma laila ua kaumaha loio, oaoieei-, hana, a me ka ethical o ke'ākeʻakeʻa i ole aeaiiuo ke kula. No ka mea, laʻana, kekahi mau hua'ōlelo-o-hana aelike ai no ka punaewele wale ae aeaiiua e, e hoʻohana 'ia e? Aaiuo ai ole ia e iaono? Ienoai i ka oihana. A o kekahi ano o ka aeaiiuo kaʻana ke kiola aku la i poe i kupono lawsuits mai nā mea kūʻai mai. He nui no hoi lula 'hana ka pilikia i ka poʻe' ole i ke kaʻana like aeaiiuo. E ho'āʻo i ka noonoo pehea e pane i ka lehulehu, ina accidentally pūnāwai mai ka huliʻikepili mai Google 'ano he māhele o ke kulanui noiʻi papahana. Ia he 'ikepili hahau, ina loa, e hiki ia he existential pilikia no ka huakai. Pela Google-a nui loa poe-ua nui kamepiula-averse e pili ana i kaʻana likeʻikepili me ka noiʻi.

In mea, kokoke e pau i ka mea iloko o ka oihana, e hoomakaukau i ke kōkua o ke nui dala o aeaiiuo ike i ka moʻolelo o Abdur Chowdhury. I ka 2006, ka wa ia ia i ke poʻo o AOL noiʻi, oia intentionally, kuu mea i manaʻo ai, ua anonymized huli'ōlelo āna mai 650.000 AOL mea hoʻohana i ka noiʻi kaiāulu. A hiki i I hiki iaʻu ke hai, Chowdhury, a me ka noiʻi ma AOL he maikai manao, a manao iho la lakou i ua anonymized la lakou i na ikepili. Aka, ua hewa lakou. Ka mea, ua ike koke i nā ikepili ole, ua like Anonymous e like me ka noiʻi manao, a me reporters mai ka New York Times, ua hiki ke kuhikuhi i kanaka ma o ka dataset me ka oluolu (Barbaro and Zeller Jr 2006) . Koke keia pilikia ua ike, Chowdhury lawe aku i nā ikepili mai AOL ka punaewele, aka, ua hoopuiwaia e ka hohono. Nā ikepili i reposted ma kekahi punaewele, ae ae paha i keia manawa e loaʻa ia mea i ka wa ia oe i keia buke heluhelu. No ka mea, o kona hoao e kaʻana i kaʻikepili me ka noiʻi kaiāulu, Chowdhury ua kī, a AOL ka lunaʻenehana luna haʻalele (Hafner 2006) . E like me keia hana hōʻike, o na pomaikai no ka ho'ākāka kanaka maloko o na poe e kōkua ai i ka 'ikepili' ae 'he nani uuku, a me ka poʻe hewa nui, ina ha i ka weliweli.

Research e hiki, nae, loaa komo i ka aeaiiuo i mea inaccessible i ka lehulehu. Aupuni he mau kaʻina hana i noiʻi ke hahai i pili i ke kula, a me na hoailona ma hope o kēia mokuna, hiki keʻike, noiʻi hiki occasionally iaʻu ke kōkua o ke hui kālepa ikepili. No ka mea, laʻana, Einav et al. (2015) hoʻolaukaʻi me ka noiʻi ma eBay e noiʻi i nā kikohoʻe ko läkou 'mai online no kudala. I e kamailio hou e pili ana i ka noiʻi 'ana e hele mai, mai keia laulima ma hope, ma ka mokuna (Pauku 2.4.3.2), aka, ke hoomanao ia mea, ano, no ka mea, i na mea a pauʻehā o nā nā mea hoʻohui i aʻu e ike nei i ka holomua ke kūkaʻi' ana: noiʻi panee, kanaka noiʻi ioeaie, poe panee, a me ka poe ioeaie. Ma kekahi olelo, Einav a me nā hoapili he hoihoi iloko, a hiki hoi ke këia online, kudala. A, eBay ia no hoi. Eia naʻe, I Awareness ike na mea he nui e hiki laulima pau no kekahi o na kanaka noiʻi a me ka poe nele i kekahi o keia mau nā mea hoʻohui.

A ina paha e hiki ke kūkulu i hui me ka hana, akā naʻe, aia nō kekahi mau downsides no oukou. Mua, o na ninau a pau au e ninau aku i ka 'ikepili me paha e kaupalena'; poe, ua olelo lealea e ae noiʻi e hiki ke hoolilo ia lakou ke nana ino. Lua, oe e paha, aole e hiki ke kaʻana i kouʻikepili me na noiʻi, a 'o ia hoʻi na noiʻi e, aole e hiki ke hōʻoia a hohola aku ko oukou mau hualoaʻa ia. Eia, keia mau kūkaʻi 'ana, hiki ke hana ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ka helehelena o ke kue i ka hoihoi, kahi kanaka ke manao i ko oukou mau hualoaʻa i' ole ma ko oukou mau hui o waho. A pau o keia mau downsides hiki ke kamaʻilio maila, aka, he mea nui ia e maopopo i ka hana me ka 'ikepili i ka mea aole e ole i kela kanaka keia kanaka i na hoohaunaele a me na downsides.

Ma ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, hailona o ka nui ikepili ua inaccessible i ka noiʻi. He nui na mea pono, oaoieei-, hana, a me ka ethical o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai i pale aku aeaiiuo 'ae, a me keia mau o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai e hele aku. National aupuni ano nui i hoʻokumu 'ia nā kaʻina hana no ka mea, o ka ho'ā aeaiiuo ke kula, aka, o ke kaʻina hana e hiki e aku a hoc ma ka moku'āina, a me kūloko pae. No hoi, ma kekahi mau hihia, noiʻi hiki hoa me na poe e loaa aeaiiuo ke kōkua o, aka, o keia e hana i kekahiʻano o ka pilikia no ka noiʻi.