5.2.2 lehulehu-coding o ka pili manifestos

Coding pili aupuni manifestos, i kekahi mea nō kāu hana ma ka poe akamai, e hiki ke hana ia e kekahi kanaka hou papahana kūpono i ka nui reproducibility, a kohoʻia.

Like me Galaxy Zoo, he nui na wahi, i hiki kahi nohona noiʻi makemake i ka kivila, classify, a lepili i kii ole'āpana o ka puke. An hoohalike o keia ano o ka noiʻi, oia ka coding o pili manifestos. Ma ke koho ana, ka manaʻo politika poe paka manifestos hōʻike no ko lakou maalea nā kūlana hana a me ka pili ana nō philosophies. No ka mea, laʻana, eia ka he apana o ka manifesto o ka Hana Lima Party i Beritania nui, mai ka 2010:

"Miliona o na kanaka hana iloko o ko kakou Aupuni lawelawe e kû ana i ka maikai aiee o Beritania, e kokua Kuhina kanaka e hana i ka hapanui o ko lakou mau ola oiai mālama iā lākou, mai ka ka pilikia lakou, aole e loaa e halihali ma ko lakou iho. Like me kakou pono e lilo bolder e pili ana i ke kūlana o ke aupuni i ka hana ana i wahi hana ano, makou hoi pono e aa reformers o ke aupuni. "

Keia mau manifestos EIAaAO waiwai ikepili no ka piliʻepekema, like ko lākou mau këia ke koho ana, a me na dynamics o ke kulekele ka hakaka. I mea e systematically extract ike mai i keia mau manifestos, noiʻi hana ka Manifesto Project , ka mea i hoʻolālā kālai'āinaʻepekema e Kivila 4,000 manifestos mai aneane 1,000 'aoʻao i loko o 50'āina. Kela hoohewaia iloko o kela a me keia manifesto ua karaima mai e ke akamai me ka 56-waeʻano noaia. I ka hopena o keia hana ho'āʻo ka mea, he papakaukau dataset hōʻuluʻulu i ka 'ike i loko iho iloko o keia mau manifestos, a me keia dataset ua hoʻohanaʻia i loko o oi aku mamua o 200 iao? Pepa.

Kenneth Benoit a me nā hoapili (2015) hoʻoholo e lawe i ka manifesto coding hana a pau i mua i hana ia e akamai, ae huli ae ia mea i loko o ke kanaka hou a papahana. A? Acoeuoaoa, aole lakou i hana i ka coding kaʻina hana i ka mea oi aku reproducible a oi'ōlewa, aole e hōʻike cheaper a me ka wikiwiki.

Hana me 18 manifestos ua loaʻa i eono nā koho i loko o ka UK, Benoit a me nā hoapili hoʻohana i ka mahae-pili-hui pu iho la me na hana o ke anakahi iki-hana ka hana market hoʻolālā (Amazon Mechanical Tureke, a me CrowdFlower poe examples o ke anakahi iki-hana hana aha kanaka, no ka mea, e oi aku ma anakahi iki-hana ka hana aha kanaka, ike Mokuna 4). I ka noiʻi i kela a me keia manifesto, a Wāwahi ia mea i loko o pohihihi. A malaila, ua hoopili kanaka lākiō i kela a me keia olelo. I like ko, ina o ka olelo pae'āina he kulekele hoakaka, ua karaima mai ma elua Ana: aneiai (mai loa waiho aku loa pololei) a me ka nohona (mai ka lokomaikai aku lakou conservative) (Kii 5.5). Kela'ōlelo ua kivila e pili ana i 5ʻokoʻa kanaka. Eia ke oki, ua hui keia mau lākiō i ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi ana helu kükohu i hoike no na kanaka, kanaka hōʻike manaʻo' ole, a me ka pilikia o ka hoahewa loa. Ma na mea a pau, Benoit a me nā hoapili ohi 200.000 Estate mai ma kahi o 1,500 poe hana.

Kii 5.5: Coding noaia, mai Benoit et al. (2015) (lāʻau 1).

I mea e Loiloi i ka mea e like ai o ka ahakanaka coding, Benoit a me nā hoapili no hoi ma kahi o 10 poe akamai i-Kumu hoʻonaʻauao haumāna, a me ka ia manifestos ka ho ohana i like ke kaʻina hana no ia ma Kalaiaina Science-ana. ʻOiai Ka lākiō i mai lala o ka aha, ua oi aku iaaanu mamua o ka Estate, mai ka poe akamai, i ka manaʻo ma ahakanaka pane lākiō he mea kupaianaha ae like me ka manaʻo akamai pane lākiō (Kii 5.6). Keia hoʻohālike hōʻike i, e like me ka Galaxy Zoo, kanaka hou a hana e paka kbps hualoaʻa.

Kii 5,6: Expert koho (axis x) a me ka poe nui koho (y-axis) e noho ana ma kupaianaha like i ka wa coding 18 aoao manifestos mai ka Pelekānia Great (Benoit et al. 2015) . Na manifestos karaima mai, he mai ekolu kālai'āina poe (Conservative, Labour, Liberal Democrats) a me eono ke koho (1987, 1992, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2010).

Kukulu maluna o keia result, Benoit a me nā hoapili hoʻohana i ko lakou kanaka-coding nenoaiu e hana noiʻi i mea hiki ole i ka Manifesto Project. No ka mea, laʻana, ka mea Manifesto Project i Kivila i na manifestos ma ke kumuhana o ka immigration, no ka mea,ʻaʻole he salient kumuhana i ka wa a ka coding noaia? Ac? I loko o ka hapalua like 1980s. A, ma keia wahi, he mea logistically infeasible no ka Manifesto Papahana, e hele hoi a hou-code ko lakou mau manifestos e hoʻopio i keia ike. Nolaila, he mea e hele mai i ka noiʻi hoihoi i ke aʻo kālai'āina o ka immigration he mailoko mai o ka pomaikai. Akā naʻe, hiki ke hana aku i ko lakou kanaka hou a nenoaiu e hana i keia coding-hulina i ko lakou noiʻi ninau-koke, a hiki wawe ka Benoit, a me nā hoapili.

I mea e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina immigration pili, lakou karaima mai i na manifestos no ka mea, ewalu 'aoʻao i loko o ka 2010 koho ma Pelekane Nui. Kela hoohewaia iloko o kela a me keia manifesto ua karaima mai e like me ia paha ka mea pili i ka immigration, a ina pela, ina ia he kākoʻo-immigration,ʻAkika nā, a Anati-immigration. Iloko o 5 hora o ka paneʻe i ko lakou papahana, nā hualoaʻa ma loko, a ua ohi oi aku mamua o 22,000 pane ma ka huina o na lilo o $ 360. Eia, ke koho mai ka ahakanaka hoike kupaianaha like me ka anamanaʻo mua o ka poe akamai. A laila, e like me ka hōʻike hope loa, elua mahina ma hope mai, ka noiʻi paʻi i ko lakou kanaka-coding. Iloko o kekahi mau hora, aole lakou i hana i ka hou loa-karaima mai dataset i pili loa i like me ko lakou mau hoa kanaka-karaima mai aeaiiuo huapalapala. Ma kekahi olelo, kanaka hou a hoʻohana 'ia lakou hiki paha ke coding o ka pili nā haʻawina i like me ka akamai loiloi, a ua reproducible. Eia, no ka mea, o ke kanaka hou a ua ola a me ka nike, he mea oluolu no ka mea, ia lakou i hoʻopilikino i ko lakouʻikepili ohi i ko lakou ho'ākāka 'noiʻi ninau e pili ana i immigration.