5.4.3 Panina

Haawiʻikepili ohi, ua hiki, a ma kēia mua aku, e paha pū 'ike loea hou a me ka OE komo.

E like me eBird hōʻikeʻike, haawi aeaiiuo haul Hiki ke hoʻohana no ka 'epekema noiʻi. Eia, PhotoCity hōʻike i pilikia pili i ka mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku a me ka 'ike e like ai, ua potentially solvable.

Pehea ke haawi aeaiiuo ohi hana no ka lawelawe noiʻi? A kupanaha hoʻohālike mai, mai ka hana mai o Susan Watkins, a me kona nā hoapili ma ka Malawi nā puke Papahana (Watkins and Swidler 2009; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti 2015) . Ma keia papahana, 22 kūloko noho-kapaia "journalists" -kept "conversational nā puke" i palapala, ma ka au mamuli, o na kamaʻilio lakou overheard e pili ana i kōkua iā ia, i loko o ka kela la i keia ola ana o ano o kanaka (ma ka manawa o ka papahana hoomaka ana, he 15% o nā mākua ma Malawi ua iho mailoko me HIV (Bello, Chipeta, and Aberle-Grasse 2006) ). No ka mea, o ko lakou insider kūlana haʻahaʻa, ua hiki ke overhear i kamaʻilio i ke ua inaccessible i Susan Watkins, a me kona Al noiʻi collaborators (E kūkākūkā i nā ethics o keia ka hope o ka mokuna i ka wa aʻu i lawe mai aʻo e pili ana i ke hoʻololi i ko oukou mau nuipa a laulima papahana mau journalists ). I ka 'ikepili mai ka Malawi nā puke Project i alakai ai i ka nui o ka nui haʻina. No ka mea, laʻana, i mua o ka papahana ka hoʻomaka ', nui Hakaka manaoio no ia mea, ua hamau ana kōkua iā ia, i loko o iiaciiie? Saharan Africa, aka, na nā puke hōʻikeʻike i keia, ua maopopo i ka hihia, journalists overheard haneri a kamailio maluna o ke kumuhana, i wahi e like me nā like me ihola nō ia , mau kaola, a me na ekalesia. Eia, keʻano o kēia mau kamaʻilio kōkua noiʻi hoʻomaopopo pono kekahi o ka ia'ku i condom hoʻohana 'ana; ke ala e condom ana i ka honua iloko o ka ola memo ua kue i ke alanui i ka mea i kūkākūkā i ka maʻamau o ke ola (Tavory and Swidler 2009) .

O ka papa, e like me ka 'ikepili mai eBird, i ka' ikepili mai ka Malawi nā puke Project ka mea, aole i hemolele, ka mea hilo kūkākūkā ma ka au mamuli e Watkins, a me nā hoapili. No ka mea, laʻana, ka mea i kākauʻia i kamaʻilio aole anei he kaulele hāpana o ka hiki na mea a pau i kamaʻilio. E aho, ka mea, he kāpili helu o na kamaʻilio e pili ana i kōkua iā ia. I ka olelo o ka aeaiiuo quality, ka noiʻi manaoio i ko lakou mau journalists, he kiekie-kbps reporters, e like me ka mea e hoikeike ma ke consistency loko o nā puke a me nā kāʻei nā puke. Eia, i ka wa lawa journalists i deployed ma kekahi mau mea lawa ka 'okoʻa, a ua hoʻomōhala hōʻike i kekahi kumuhana, redundancy lilo hiki, a maoli he hilinai ma ka aeaiiuo e like ai. No ka mea, laʻana, he keka hana, o "Stella" hoike mai i kekahi mau manawa ma nā puke o ka eha okoa journalists (Watkins and Swidler 2009) . E like me ka mea i noho ma PhotoCity, ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka redundancy mea nui he loina no wale ia a kaulikeʻikepili mea e like ai ma ka haawi aeaiiuo ohi pāhana. I mea e hou kukulu i kou kilo, Papa 5,3 hōʻike'ē aʻe examples o māhele aeaiiuo ohi no ka lawelawe noiʻi.

A pau o ka hōʻike 'ia ma keia pauku o ka hoailona, ​​ua komoʻeleu komo: journalists i kāna mete ia i kamaʻilio a lakou i lohe ai; birders Uploaded ko lakou birding checklists; a âlapa pôhili me Uploaded ko lakou mau question. Aka, heaha ina ke komo he nōna iho, a, aole i koi kekahi ho'ākāka 'ia ke akamai a me ka manawa e waiho i? Eia ka olelo kaumaha e "participatory ka neʻeʻana" ai 'ole "kanaka-centric ka neʻeʻana." Eia kekahi laʻana, ka Pothole Patrol, he papahana maʻepekema ma mit, kaa GPS i hoʻolako pono accelerometers i loko o ehiku kaʻa'ōhua eaaei i loko o ka Boston wahi (Eriksson et al. 2008) . No ka mea, e hoohauhee ana ma luna o ka pothole koe he okoa accelerometer hoailona, ​​i keia mau mea, i ka wa a waiho maloko o ka neʻe taxis, ke hana pothole mapa o Boston. O ka holo ana, taxis aole randomly Laʻana alanui, aka, haawi lawa taxis, aole i lawaʻaoʻao pale, e hoʻolako 'ike e pili ana nui kekahi o lakou kulanakauhale. He pono lua o ka OE nenoai e hilinai aku maluna o ka 'ike loea, ua hiki ia lakou de-akamai o ke kaʻina hana o ka pilina me aeaiiuo, oiai mea pono akamai e haawi aku i eBird (no ka mea, o oukou pono e hiki ia makou ke reliably hōʻike manu? Ueony), he mea pono, aole hana nā mākau i haawi aku Pothole Patrol.

E hele i mua, I hāʻupu aʻe nei he nui loa haawi aeaiiuo ohi papahana e hoomaka ai e hana me uea 'o Mobile kaul i ka poe i lawe mua e ieeeea? O nā kānaka a puni ke ao nei. Keia kaul ua loaa he nui loa o nā mea e loaʻa ka mea nalo nui no ana, e like me ka microphones, Panel, GPS manaʻo, a me na hangʻia. Eia, keia mau Mobile kaul kākoʻo kolu-aoao Apps ka ho'ā noiʻi kekahi mana ma luna o ka nń ku aeaiiuo ohi Hola Pūnaewele. Eia ke oki, o keia kaul e Internet-connectivity, ana e hiki no ia lakou ke aku, ke kiʻi i ka ikepili lakou i ohi. He nui lehulehu oaoieei-ho'āʻo mai paʻewa ai nā mea e loaʻa ka mea nalo i kaupalena o na pu ki ola, aka, i keia mau pilikia e paha ho'ēmi ma luna o ka manawa e like me ka 'enehana? Acaeoey oo. Aʻe e pili pū ana i ka 'ikepili pilikino, a me ethics, ma ka kekahi lima, ke loaa hou complicated e like me ka' ike loea hou? Acaeoey oo; I e hoʻi hou aku i kekahi mau mea o ethics i ka wa aʻu i lawe mai aʻo e pili ana i ke hoʻololi i ko oukou mau nuipa a laulima.

I haawi aeaiiuo ohi hana, hana manawaleʻa haawi i ka 'ikepili ke ao nei. Keia kokoke loa i kahi i mua i hoʻohana ana, a me kēia mua hoʻohana nō paha ka mea e kamaʻilio mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku, a me kona mea e like aeaiiuo pili. Mea pōmaikaʻi, na papahana e like hoʻi me PhotoCity, a me Pothole Patrol paipai pāʻoihana i keia mau pilikia. E like me ka nui papahana i loaʻa o ka 'ike loea hou i mau hiʻohiʻona nō de-mākaukau a me ka OE komo, haawi aeaiiuo ohi hana e dramatically mahuahua ma ka pālākiō, o ka ho'ā noiʻi e ohi i ka ikepili i ka mea wale aku palena ma ka hala.