5.1 Introduction

Wikipedia mea kupaianaha. He nui laulima o na hana manawaleʻa i hana mai i ka fantastic encyclopedia i ka mea i loaʻa i pau. Ke ki i Wikipedia ka pomaikai, ua i hou ike; aho, he mea hou ano o ka laulima. Ka mīkini makahiki, mea pōmaikaʻi, mau hiʻohiʻona nō nui hou ano o ka laulima. Pela, kakou e ano ninau, he aha ka papakaukau akeakamai pilikia, pilikia ia kakou hiki ole ke hoʻoponopono pākahi, hiki makou ano tackle pu?

Laulima ma ka noiʻi he mea hou, o ka papa. He aha ka mea hou, nō naʻe, he mea ka mīkini makahiki mau hiʻohiʻona nō laulima me ka iʻoi aʻe ka nui a oi aku nā kānaka o: na ieeeea? O kānaka a puni ke ao nei me ka Internet ke kula. I makemake nei keia mau hou nuipa a alu like, e hookuu kupaianaha hualoaʻa, aole pono no o ka nui o na kanaka 'ole aka hoi, no ko lakou like nā mākau, a me kuanaʻike. Pehea la e hiki ai ia makou Desha i kēlā mea kēia mea, me ka Internet pili i loko o ko kākou noiʻi 'ana? He aha e hiki ia oukou ke hana me 100 noiʻi kānaka kōkua? He aha e pili ana i 100.000 mākaukau collaborators?

He nui na ano o ka nuipa a laulima, a me kekahi polokalamu kamepiula, ka noiʻi nō kāu hoonohonoho ia lakou iloko o ka nui helu waeʻano nānā 'ana i ko lākou oaoieei-ano (Quinn and Bederson 2011) . Ma keia mokuna, nae, I hele ana au e categorize nuipa a laulima papahana ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia no ka lawelawe noiʻi. I like ko, ke manao nei au, he mea kōkua i maopopo ma waena o ekoluʻano o nā papahana: kanaka hou, hamama kapa, a ua haawi aeaiiuo ohi (Kii 5.1).

I e kakau kela mea keia mea o kēia mauʻano ma nui au mamuli hope, ma ka mokuna, aka, no ka mea,'ānōʻae maiʻoe iaʻu e wehewehe i kela mea keia mea pokole. He hou a hana i ideally Ka Pakipika no ka oluolu-hana-nui-pālākiō pilikia e like me ka lepili i ka miliona kii. O lakou papahana a pau ma ka hala paha i hana ma ka lae pua noiʻi kōkua ma ke. Makana i koi hana-pili nā mākau, a me ka auoiaea hope ua nō kāu he awelika o na mea a pau o nā haʻawina. A Classic mamuli o ke kanaka hou a papahana o Galaxy Zoo, kahi hoʻokahi haneri tausani hana manawaleʻa kōkua astronomers classify he miliona galaxies. Open kapa hana, ua ideally Ka Pakipika no ka mea, pilikia kahi ka oukou e imi puke a me unexpected pane, e maopopo formulated ninau. O lakou papahana a pau ma ka hala i 'ole e noi ana nā hoapili. Makana e hele mai na kanaka, ka poe i kūikawā hana-pili nā mākau, a me ka auoiaea hope, ua hookuu i ka maikaʻi o nā mea a pau o nā haʻawina. A Classic mamuli o ka hamama kahea, oia ka Netflix uku, kahi tausani o naʻepekema, a me hackers hana i nā hou algorithms e kilokilo nā mea kūʻai mai 'Estate o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Eia ke oki, haawi aeaiiuo ohi hana, ua ideally Ka Pakipika no ka nui-unahiʻole, i aeaiiuo ohi. O lakou papahana a pau ma ka hala paha i hana ma ka lae pua noiʻi kōkua ma ke ole anamanaʻo noiʻi poʻe. Makana nō kāu e hele mai na kanaka e ia e nānā i wahi 'ē aʻe, i ole noiʻi hana, a me ka huina hoonui hope, he mea ohi i na makana. A Classic mamuli o ka māhele 'ike ohi, oia eBird, ma kahi haneri o na tausani o na hana manawaleʻa haawi lono e pili ana i nā manu a lakou e ike nei.

Kii 5.1: Mass laulima schematic. Keia Mokuna, ua hoʻokumu 'o Hiro puni ekolu ka papa kuhikuhi ano o ka nuipa a laulima: kanaka hou, hamama kapa, a ua haawi aeaiiuo ohi. More nui, nuipa a laulima hiehie manaʻo mai kula e like me kupa 'epekema, crowdsourcing, a me na Kane akamai.

Mass laulima He loihi, waiwai moʻolelo i loko o nā mahinaʻai, e like me kilohōkū (Marshall, Lintott, and Fletcher 2015) , a me ecology (Dickinson, Zuckerberg, and Bonter 2010) , aka, he mea, aole i pono ole iloko o ka lawelawe noiʻi. Eia naʻe, ma ka hōʻikeʻana hana mai na kula a me ka hoomaopopo ana i kekahi mau kī hoʻonohonohoʻia kumu, I manao nei au e hoomaopopo oukou, o na mea elua. Mua, nuipa laulima hiki ke makaukau no ka lawelawe noiʻi. A, lua, noiʻi e ho ohana nuipa a laulima e hiki iā ia ke hoʻoponopono i pilikia ka mea i mua manao ole i ke Akua. ʻOiai Nuipa a laulima ua pinepine hoʻolaha e like me ke ala e hoola i ke kālā, he mea hoi e oi aku ka mea. E like me au e hoike aku, nuipa a laulima aole pololei ae mai ia makou e hana noiʻi cheaper, ua apono ia makou e hana noiʻi maikai.

I loko o ka mokuna o lalo, no ka mea, kela mea keia mea o na kumu pepa ekolu o ka nuipa a laulima, aole au e hōʻike i ka prototypical hoʻohālike; kahaki nui nā heluʻai me ka hou examples; a mahope e wehewehe i kēiaʻano o ka nuipa a laulima ke hoʻohana 'ia no ka lawelawe noiʻi. Ka mokuna e manao me nā loinaʻelima e hiki kokua mai ia oukou i manao ai i kou mau nuipa a laulima papahana.