6.4.4 mahalo no ka mea, kānāwai, a me na Paio

Mahalo no ka mea, Law, a me Public ka ukupanee kŰlń ao ka rula o Beneficence ma kela aoao o ho'ākāka 'noiʻi i komo e komo na mea a pau pili nā kānaka hoʻopukapuka kālā.

I ka ha a me ka hope rula e hiki kuhikuhi i kou manaʻo, he mahalo no kānāwai, a me na Paio. Keia rula mai mai ka Menlo Report, a nolaila, e emi loa ike i ka lawelawe noiʻi. Ka Menlo Report hoʻopaʻapaʻa ai hoi ka loina hooponopono o ka mahalo i ka pono kānāwai, a me Public ka ukupanee, ua implicit ma ka rula o Beneficence, aka, me ka Menlo Report hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka mea hewaʻiʻo pelapela noonoo. I koʻu manaʻo, ke pono ala e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i keia rula no ka Beneficence mālama, e kālele ana ma ka i komo, a me ka mahalo aku i ke kānāwai, a me Public ka ukupanee explicitly e hooluolu mai noiʻi e lawe i ka wider View, a me nā kānāwai i loko o ko lākou noʻonoʻoʻole. Ma Analog makahiki noiʻi, e like me kahiko ana, a me Keʻena ho okolohua-noiʻi ua olelo lealea e accidentally uhai i ke kanawai. Ma online, noiʻi, o keia wale no, Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole loa hoʻi oiaio.

Ma ka Menlo Report, hōʻihiʻihi 'ia kanawai, a na ka ukupanee i elua okoa eiiiiiaiou: (1) ka hoʻokō', a me (2) Ka Mńliko-Aʻo Accountability. O ka hoʻokō 'ia hoʻi e nā kānakaʻimi noiʻi hoao mai ae e hōʻike, ae hoʻolohe i pili kanawai, aelike, a me na olelo o ka oihana. No ka mea, laʻana, kaʻaeʻana e manaʻo 'ia kekahi kanaka noiʻi noonoo hamoʻia i ka maʻiʻo o ka punaewele e heluhelu, ae noonoo i ka hua'ōlelo-o-hana berita o ka punaewele. Aole e hiki, nae, e wahi, i hiki i kahi mea ana e kue ana i na olelo o ka oihana. No ka mea, laʻana, i hookahi manawa o Verizon, a I & T He olelo o ka hana iʻole ai nā mea kūʻai mai mai ka nema aku ana ia lakou (Vaccaro et al. 2015) . Noiʻi e ole e koho e paa ana ma na olelo-o-hana ae like ana. Ideally, ina noiʻi kue ana i olelo o ka hana mauʻaelike, e hoomaopopo aku i ko lakou olelo hooholo ma ke akea, (e like me, Soeller et al. (2016) ). Aka, o keia openness e kiola aku la i noiʻi i huiia loio i kamepiula. Ma kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, no ka mea, laʻana, ka'ē epa, a hoomaewaewa mai Kanawaiʻo ia ia mea 'ino e kue ana i olelo o ka hana aelike (Sandvig and Karahalios 2016) .

Eia, mäliko-Aʻo accountability 'o ia hoʻi ka mea e pono noiʻi, e ike e pili ana i ka pahu hopu, kiʻina hana, a me nā hualoaʻa ma na mea a pau o ke kahua a pau o ko lakou noiʻi' ana a me ka lawe kuleana no ko lakou mau hana. ala e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i keia mäliko-Aʻo accountability kekahi mea i ka mea i imi i ka noiʻi kaiāulu e pale aku i ka hana i na mea ma ka malu. mau hiʻohiʻona nō kēia mäliko-Aʻo accountability i hoʻomāhuahua kūlana no ka noiʻi kaiāulu, a me ka lehulehu i loko o ethical ka hakaka, ka mea nui no ka mea, na ethical a me ka mea hiki kumu.

kahaki ii ka wa e hele ai i ke Kanawai i kekahi o ka complexity noiʻi alo ana i ka loina o ka mahalo i ka pono kānāwai, a me Public ka ukupanee i keia mauʻekolu haʻawina. No ka mea, laʻana, Grimmelmann (2015) Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ai 'ehaʻeha o Contagion i ua' ino ai ma lalo o ke kānāwai i loko o ka Moku'āina 'o Maryland. I like ko, Maryland House Bill 917, hooholoia i ka makahiki 2002, kŰlń Lei Rule ka hoomalu ana i na mea a pau noiʻi mālama 'ia ma ka Maryland, kuokoa o ke kālā kumu (hoʻomanaʻo aʻela nō i na poe akamai i manaoio i ka' ehaʻeha o Contagion, aole malalo ia o ka Lei Ka lula ma lalo o Federal Law, no ka mea, ua mālama ma Facebook, he kula i aole loaa ole noiʻi dala mai ka US Aupuni). Eia naʻe, kekahi haumana manaoio o Maryland House Bill 917 ka iho unconstitutional [ Grimmelmann (2015) ; p. 237-238]. Ke kuʻuna nohona noiʻi he ole lunakanawai, a no ia mea, ua i lako pono e hoomaopopo ae Loiloi i ka constitutionality o na kanawai o na mea a pau 50 'Amelika Hui Pūʻia. Keia mau complexities ua hui ma ka hoʻokō 'pāhana. Encore, no ka mea, laʻana, 'ole i komo mai 170'āina, aʻo kona loio i kaʻaeʻana incredibly paʻakikī. Ma muli o ka henua kumu kaiapuni, kanaka noiʻi ë e malama, e undergo kolu-aoao ethical loiloi 'ia o ko lakou hana, e like me na he kumu aʻo e pili ana i nā koi, a me kekahi' aoʻao pilikino hoomalu ma ka hihia o ko lakou noiʻi he unintentionally 'ino ai.

Ma kekahi lima, a pauʻekolu haʻawina paʻiʻia ko lakou mau hualoaʻa ma nā puke o ka ho'ā mäliko-Aʻo accountability. I ka mea, 'ehaʻeha o Contagion ma ia aina hamama ainooiii i ka noiʻi kaiāulu, a me ka hoʻomāhuahua lehulehu i lohe, mahope iho o ka mea, e pili ana i ka manao a me ka hopena o ka noiʻi. Kekahi noho aliʻi o ka manamana nui e Loiloi i mäliko ke aʻo kahua accountability mea e ninau aku oe ia oe iho, makemake au i mea hoʻomaha, ina ua palapalaia e pili ana i kaʻu noiʻi kaʻina hana ma nā 'aoʻao mua o koʻu hale kaona Nupepa? Ina o ka pane mea, aole, i ka mea he ikaika hōʻailona i ko oukou noiʻi manao pono loli.

Ma ka hopena, i ka Belmont Report, a me Menlo Report hāpai kumu eha e hiki ke hoʻohana i ka Loiloi i noiʻi: mahalo no ka poe, Beneficence, Lunakanawai, a me ka mahalo aku i ke kānāwai, a me na Paio. Ana i keia mau kumuʻehā ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, aole ia mau straightforward, a he hiki pono pilikia balancing. No ka mea, laʻana, i ka wa a ka hoʻoholo 'ina paha e debrief i komo mai' ehaʻeha o Contagion, ka mahalo i ka poe e paipai debriefing mea Beneficence ke hoʻi e hoʻonāwaliwali ai debrief (ina ka debriefing e iho e hana ino). Aole hoi he nōna ihoʻano a pau e koe keia mau hoʻokūkū kumu, aka, ma ka palena iki, o na kumu eha kōkua möakäka hou kuai-mua aʻe nei, paipai loli i ka noiʻi 'manao, ae hiki ai noiʻi e wehewehe ana i ko lakou hoopaapaa ana me kekahi i kekahi, a me ka lehulehu.