6.5 Elua ethical? Aieao i

Ka hapanui o ka hakaka puni noiʻi ethics emi i ka pāonioni ma waena o consequentialism a me ka deontology.

Keia mau ethical kumu eha poe ia lakou iho pili loko mai o elua hou Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo ethical? Aieao i: consequentialism a me ka deontology. ua kōkua maikaʻi ka hoʻomaopopo mau aieao no ka mea, e kōkua mai oe hōʻike, a laila e kukakuka e pili ana i kekahi o na mea apau o tensions ma ka noiʻi ethics, i ka wa e hiki ai oe hoʻohana potentially unethical mea e loaʻa ai ka ethical pau.

Consequentialism, ka mea i aa ma ka hana o Ieremia Bentham, a me John Stuart Mill, e kālele ana ma lawe hana e alakai i ka maikaʻi Huiia ma ke ao nei (Sinnott-Armstrong 2014) . I ka rula o Beneficence, ka mea e kālele ana ma balancing kamepiula, a me ka pōmaikaʻi, ua nui iho la ia iloko o muli consequentialist manaʻo. Ma ka kekahi lima, deontology, ka mea i aa ma ka hana o Imanuela Kant, e kālele ana ma ethical dute, kuokoa o ko lakou mau hopena (Alexander and Moore 2015) . I ka rula o ka mahalo i ka poe, ka mea e kālele ana ma ka autonomy o na komo, ua nui iho la ia iloko o muli deontological manaʻo. A ola a me ka crude ala, e hoomaopopo i na aieao elua, oia ka mea e consequentialists kālele ana ma ka welau a me na deontologists kālele ana ma ka mea.

E ike pehea keia? Aieao i elua ke ÿokoÿa, noonoo hoʻomaopopo 'o ia' ae 'ana. Na? Aieao i hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia i kākoʻo' ae, aka, no ka mea, okoa kumu. A consequentialist hoʻopaʻapaʻa no ka hoʻomaopopo 'o ia' ae 'ana, he mea ia e kokua i ka pale pōʻino i ka i komo ma ka pāpā' ia ka noiʻi e hua ole pono koena kamepiula a me ka mua pomaikai. Ma kekahi olelo, consequentialist manaʻo e hoʻomaopopo 'o ia ae kokua no ka mea kōkuaʻole ino nā haumāna no ka mea i komo. Eia naʻe, he deontological hoʻopaʻapaʻa no ka hoʻomaopopo 'o ia ae e kālele ana ma ka noiʻi o ka hana e mahalo i ke autonomy o kona mau komo. Haawi mai i keia mau hoʻokokoke mai, he consequentialist maemae i makemake e kāpae i ke koi no ka hoʻomaopopo 'o ia ae ma ka' okoʻa he wahi pilikia, akā, i ka deontologist maemae ikaika ole.

O consequentialism a me ka deontology kaumaha nui ethical naauao, aka, kela mea keia mea e hiki ke lawe i ka absurd ihola. No ka mea, consequentialism, i kekahi o kēia mau loa hihia hiki ke kapaia Transplant. Hoi i noonoo ai i kekahi kauka ka mea elima nā mea maʻi make o ka hui 'ole a me ka mea olakino hoomanawanui nona ka hui, e hoola i na mea a pau elima. Malalo o kekahi mau kumu, he consequenalist kauka e aeia, a hiki kauoha, e pepehi i ke olakino ahonui e loaaʻi i kona hui. Keia piha kālele ana ma ka welau, me ka nānāʻole i ka mea, he flawed.

Pela no, deontology hiki ke laweʻia no hoi i awkward ihola, e like me ia ma ka hihia e hiki ke kapaia Timebomb. Hoi i noonoo ai i ka makai nana i lawe pio i kekahi poʻe hoʻoweliweli ka mea i ike i ka wahi o ka ticking timebomb ka mea e pepehi miliona o na kanaka. A deontological makai e, aole wahahee ma ka mea e paena i ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli i hōʻike i ka wahi o ka hope. Keia piha kālele ana ma ka mea, me ka nānā 'ole i ka welau, hoi ua flawed.

Ma ka hana, loa nohona noiʻi implicitlyʻapo i Blend o keia mau ethical? Aieao. Ka lōkahi keia blending o ethical kula kōkua möakäka hou no ke aha la he nui ethical ka hakaka, a kamaʻilioʻana e noho ma waena o ka poe oi aku consequentialist, a me ka poe nui deontological-don't i ka holomua. Keia mau hakaka Kākaʻikahi ka noonoo no ka consequentialists kaumaha kekahi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē e pili ana i welau, manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē i ua ole hoomaopopoia'na o ka deontologists ka ua nui kou manaʻo e pili ana i mea. Pela no, deontologists kamaʻilioʻana e kaumaha aku ai i kekahi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē ana i na mea, i ua ole hoomaopopoia'na i ka consequentialists ka poe i hoʻomōhala i welau. Manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē ma waena o consequentialists a me na deontologists, ua like ia me na moku maalo ae la oia iloko o ka po.

Hana pāʻoihana i keia mau hakaka e lilo no ka lawelawe noiʻi e kūkulu i ka pahuhopu nei, morally paa, a me ka oluolu-i-pili Blend o ka consequentialism a me ka deontology. Eia naʻe, i ka olelo lealea, e hiki mai ana; poe akeakamai, ua hana maluna o keia mau pilikia no ka manawa lōʻihi. Nolaila, ke manao nei au i ka wale ana o ka hana, oia ke ae aku i ka makou e hana mai e kue kumu, a me muddle aku.