6.6.3 Kulekele

Kulekele ka mea, he pono no ke kahe kūpono o ka 'ike.

A kolu o ka 'āpana noiʻi e aumeume no kahi mea pilikino. E like me Lowrance (2012) kau aku la iaʻano succinctly: ". E mahaloia pilikino no ka poe kanaka e, e mahaloia" Kulekele, naʻe, ua notoriously Pa manaʻo (Nissenbaum 2010, Ch. 4) , a me ia, he mea pono i ka wa e ho'āʻo ana e hoʻohana e hana i ho'ākāka 'ana a puni noiʻi.

A na ala e noonoo i ka pilikino mea me ka lehulehu / ponoi dichotomy. Ma keia aoao o ka loi, inā hōʻike he akea ole, alaila he mea hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia e noiʻi me ka pili ana i na kanaka ke kuleana hūnā' ike 'aʻe. Aka, ua kokoke loa i kahi e hiki holo iloko pilikia. No ka mea, laʻana, ma November 2007 Costas Panagopoulos hoouna mai kela kanaka keia kanaka i loko o nā kūlanakauhale i palapala e pili ana i upcoming i koho. I elua kūlanakauhale-Monticello, Iowa a me Holland, Hawaii-Panagopoulos i'ōlelo mai ai / hooweliweli e hoolaha i ka papa inoa o ka poe kanaka, ka poe i hooholoia ai ma ka nupepa. Ma ka kekahi kūlanakauhale-Ely, Iowa-Panagopoulos i'ōlelo mai ai / hooweliweli e hoolaha i ka papa inoa o ka poe kanaka, ka poe i ole hooholoia ma ka nupepa. Keia mau ohe. Ua hoʻololi i induce haaheo, a me ka hilahila (Panagopoulos 2010) no ka mea, ua loaa keia mau Emotions e hopena turnout i ka haʻawina mua (Gerber, Green, and Larimer 2008) . Information about ka mea balota, a me ka mea ole, ua Aupuni ma kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia; kekahi e hiki keʻeʻe ma ia mea. No laila, he mea hiki hoʻopaʻapaʻa wale ia no ka mea, o keia ke koho 'ike no au no ka lehulehu, aole he pilikia i ke kanaka noiʻi hoolaha ana ia mea i loko o ka nūpepa. Ma ka kekahi lima, i kekahi mea e pili ana i ka manaʻo hoʻopiʻi Kahalaopuna hewa i na kanaka.

E like me keia hana kahaki ii ka, ke Aupuni / ponoi dichotomy he oi kūmūmū (boyd and Crawford 2012; Markham and Buchanan 2012) . A oi ala, e noonoo i ka mea pilikino, hookahi poe hoʻololi i lawelawe nāna e hoʻopuka i hoalaia mai e ka mīkini makahiki, oia ka manaʻo o contextual ano hoopono (Nissenbaum 2010) . Ma kahi o ka noonoo ana ike Aupuni paulele i ka hoʻomana, contextual ano hoopono e kālele ana ma luna o ka lua i pele o ka 'ike. No ka mea, laʻana, he nui na kanaka e unbothered ina lakou kauka pili ana i ko lakou ola kino mooolelo me kekahi kauka, aka, e olioli ole ina ko lakou kauka kuai lilo aku i keia ia 'ike i ka ke kūʻai akuʻana poe. Pela, e like me Nissenbaum (2010) , "he pono e pilikino mea aole he pono e mahuka ai he pono, e kū aka, he mea pono i kūpono kahe ana o ka 'ike."

Ke ki manaʻo hp'pnphp contextual ano hoopono, he pōʻaiapili-pili informational kūmau (Nissenbaum 2010) . O lakou kūmau e hoomalu aku i ka lua i pele o ka 'ike i loko o kekahi napoo ana no hoi, a ua manao ia e ekolu kiko'î;

• nā mea hana keaka (malalo, sender, haumāna haʻawina kālā)
• ʻAno ( 'ano o ka' ike)
• EYI nā loina (constraints ma lalo o ka 'ike kahe)

Pela, i ka wa e like me ka noiʻi 'oe e hoʻoholo' ina paha e hoʻohana i ka 'ikepili me ka' ae, he mea kōkua i ka ninau aku, "O keia anei ka hoʻohana 'aʻe ka pōʻaiapili-pili informational kūmau?" A hoʻi hou aʻela ia i ka hihia o Panagopoulos (2010) , ma keia hihia, me ka waho kanaka noiʻi hoolaha papa inoa o ka poe koho, a non-koho pāloka ma ka nūpepa pono paha e kue ana informational kūmau. In mea, Panagopoulos i hahai ma luna o kona olelo / hoʻoweliweli 'no ka mea, kūloko koho ke kula Hahai I ka palapala ia ia, a hookonokono ae la ia ia i ka mea aole he maikai manaʻo (Issenberg 2012, 307) .

Ma kekahi email, nae, manao ana pōʻaiapili-pili informational kūmau pono iki hou noonoo. No ka mea, laʻana, e ke keiki hoʻi a hiki i ka manawa kūpono a me Kelepona Paʻi kahea pauku e Track ka hoʻoneʻe i ka Ebola outbreak ma West Aferika i ka 2014, he hihia a pau aʻu i ana no ma o ka hoike a hiki i keia mokuna (Wesolowski et al. 2014) . Ma keia okoʻa no ka manawa, e hiki ia kakou ke manao eluaʻokoʻa wahi, i hiki;

• Moʻolelo 1: o ka hoʻouna 'piha kapa logʻikepili [ʻAno]; i ka aupuni o ke kāpili legitimacy, nā mea hana keaka]; no ka mea, e hiki i kekahi wā e hiki mai ke hoʻohana [EYI nā loina]
• [ʻAno] Hoouna hapa 'ia' anonymized mooolelo,: Moʻolelo 2 i ua mahaloia kulanui noiʻi, nā mea hana keaka]; no ka mea, hoʻohana, ma muli o ka Ebola outbreak, a malalo o na luna o ke kulanui ethical papa [EYI nā loina]

'Aʻole nō naʻe i loko o' elua o keia mau wahi, i hiki kahea aku i ka 'ikepili i kahe mai loko aku o ka poe, ka informational kūmau no kēia mau wahi, i hiki no i ka ia no o nä mea ma waena o nā nā mea hana keaka, i ke kaila, a me ka EYI me nā loina' ole. Hoʻomōhala i kekahi o keia mau mea kiko'î wale ke alakai i overly simplistic olelo hooholo ākea. In mea, Nissenbaum (2015) Pono nń e hiki e hoemi i na mea e ae kekahi o keia mau mea ekolu kiko'î, aole e hiki i kekahi mea o lākou pākahi hoakaka informational kūmau. Keia ekolu-dimensional ano o informational kūmau wehewehe no ke aha la i halaʻole, ka mea i hoʻomōhala ma luna o kekahi i ke kaila a EYI kumu-ua ineffective i hoʻopio aku i pono ole-ano notions o ka pilikino.

Kekahi hana nui loa ia me ka hoʻohana i ka manaʻo o ka pōʻaiapili-pili informational kūmau e alakai ai hoʻoholo hoʻi e noiʻi i ole ike ia lakou mamua o ka manawa, a me lakou he nui e ana (Acquisti, Brandimarte, and Loewenstein 2015) . Eia, a hiki ina kekahi noiʻi e kue ana contextual-pili informational kūmau i ole nōna iho manaʻo 'ia ka noiʻi e, aole hiki mai ana. Ma mea, Mokuna 8 o Nissenbaum (2010) , he pili loa "Huakaʻi Kula Na rula no ka mea, Good." Waho aʻeo kēia mau Hoʻohuikau, pōʻaiapili-pili informational kūmau no koe he pono ala i kona noonoo e pili ana i na ninau pili i nā mea pilikino.

Eia ke oki, pilikino, he wahi kahi Fashion ike nui misunderstandings ma waena o noiʻi i prioritize ka mahalo i ka poe a me ka poe prioritize Beneficence. Hoi i noonoo ai i ka hihia o ka lehulehu ola kanaka noiʻi i malu kiaʻi kanaka lawe ka ua no ka hoʻomaopopo kou niho, ua ki i pale i ka laha ana o ka puke infectious maʻi. Noiʻi hoʻomōhala ma Beneficence e kālele ana ma luna o ka pomaikai a hiki i ke kaiāulu, mai kēia noiʻi, a me ke hiki hoʻopaʻapaʻa wale ia aole he poino e aku i komo ina ke kanaka noiʻi i kona kiu i ole ka loaʻaʻana. Ma ka kekahi lima, noiʻi ka poe prioritize mahalo no ka poe e kālele ana ma ka mea a ke kanaka noiʻi, aole ana poe kanaka me ka mahalo, a me ka mea ma ka mea ana ia mau mea 'ino ma ka' aʻe i ko lakou pilikino. Eia naʻe, he mea paakiki e hoʻonā i ka conflicting manao o keia kahua, (eia nae ka maikai pāʻoihana ma keia hihia ke pono e, e noi aku i ka 'ae' ana).

Ma ka hopena, i ka wa kamailio ana pilikino, he mea kōkua e neʻe ma kela aoao o ka overly simplistic lehulehu / kekahi dichotomy, a me ka noonoo i panai no pōʻaiapili-pili informational kūmau, na mea i hanaia o ka i ekolu hehee wale: nā mea hana keaka (malalo, sender, haumāna haʻawina kālā), i ke kaila ( 'ano o ka' ike), a me ka EYI me nā loina (constraints ma lalo o ka 'ike i kahe) (Nissenbaum 2010) . Kekahi noiʻi loiloi pilikino i ka olelo o ka pōʻino i hiki ho i ka 'aʻe' ana o nā mea pilikino, ka mea hoi na noiʻi Honolulu, i ka 'aʻe' ana o pilikino e like me kaʻino ma loko o ai nona iho. No ka mea, notions o ke kūlana pilikino o na kikohoʻe nenoai ua hoʻololi ma luna o ka manawa, lauwili ae mai ka mea i ka ke kanaka, a me ka lauwili ae mai kahua i kulana (Acquisti, Brandimarte, and Loewenstein 2015) , pilikino hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha e lilo i kekahi kumu o ka pilikia ethical olelo hooholo no ka noiʻi no kekahi manawa.