6.3 Digital he okoa

Social noiʻi ma loko o ka mīkini makahiki he okoa 'ano, a no ia mea, ke hoala mai okoa ethical nīnau.

Most nohona noiʻi i loko o ka Analog makahiki hahauʻiaʻana o kekahi ethical koena. No ka mea, laʻana, ma ka loiloi 'ia o Keʻena ho okolohua e collectively' ole oi aku mamua o 100.000 kanaka, Plott (2013) loaʻa hoʻokahi wale nō adverse hanana, he haumāna i lilo naʻau no ka losing dala, ma ka waiwai hihiu. E like me ka mea mua ekolu mīkini elemakule examples kahaki, nae, noiʻi Ano alo ethical hana nui loa ia ka poe okoa, mai ka poe iloko o ka hala. Generalizing mai keia mau mea ekolu haʻawina, ke manao nei au i ka nui pilikia i maikaʻi, 'o ia hoʻi noiʻi maka, ua i uea e hoʻololi ma mua o na rula, na kanawai, a me na kūmau. More ua hōʻike hewa, noiʻi-pinepine i ka laulima me ka poʻe a me na aupuni, he hou ka mana maluna iho i komo mua iloko o ka hala. Ma ka mana, ke olelo nei au wale ka hiki ke hana i na mea i na kanaka me ko lakou 'ae' ole o kaʻike. I na mea au e kamailio e pili ana i hiki i ka mea nānā i ko lākouʻano, a helu auhau ia lakou ma ia mea. E like me ka mana o ka noiʻi, e malama, ae pīhoihoi ka manaʻo no ka hana, aole ka mea, aole he like mahuahua ma ka clarity e pili ana i ka mea mana e hoohana ia. In mea, noiʻi e hoʻoholo pehea e hana i ko lakou mana ma muli o kue a me overlapping na rula, na kanawai, a me na kūmau. I ka hala ole, o keia 'aʻole i manaʻo i loa mīkini makahiki noiʻi, ua unethical. In mea, haawi mai ai i keia kulana, ke manao nei au noiʻi i hoike remarkably maikai hoopai. Ka huihui 'ana o ikaika uea, a me vague lula, nae, e ukuhi i ka pono, me ka manao noiʻi i loko o ka pilikia kulana.

ʻOiai Oukou kino i ole haha ​​oi loa ikaika ma ka olelo o kou akamai, e hana i na mea i na kanaka, increasingly noiʻi-pinepine i ka laulima me ka poʻe a me na aupuni, i ka hiki e malama, ae pīhoihoi ka manaʻo poe kanaka me ko lakou 'ae' ole kaʻike. No ka mea, laʻana, i noonoo ai i ka hahaiʻana i kekahi kanaka a puni, ae kākau i nā mea a pau a lakou e hana nei. Keia e hoʻokomo ka hoʻokoloʻana i na mea e like me kahi a lakou e hele ai, ka mea a lakou i kuai ai, ka mea a lakou kamailio aku ai, a me ka mea a lakou i heluhelu. Ka mālamaʻana poe kanaka e like me keia iloko o ka Analog makahiki hoʻohanaʻia e lilo i ka ukana o na aupuni, me alahula Bedroom. Ano, a pau o keia 'ike ua mea maʻamau, a' akomi kakauia e pili ana miliona a koke e lilo ieeeea? O na kanaka. Eia, no ka mea, a pau o kēia 'ike, Ua ahu digitally, he mea oluolu ke kope, hulina, ke hoʻouna i, merge, a me ka hale kūʻai. Ma kekahi olelo, heaha ka mea maʻamau ka hana i keia la e hoohikilele au, ae, heʻe piʻoloke ihola Hawaii Kaua kiu lapaʻau nāna e like me ka KGB, CIA, a me Stasi. Eia, he nui o kēia 'ano' ka hoʻokoloʻana, ua lawe wahi me ka piha naauao o ka poe i surveilled.

A vivid metaphor i hapa 'ia ka hopuʻia kēia kahua o ka nuipa hoʻomakākiu, oia ka panopticon. Mua i manaoia ma ka hopena o 18th kenekulia ma Ieremia Bentham e like me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone no ka mea, o na halepaahao, ma ka panopticon no ke kino kīnā o hoʻomakākiu (Kii 6.3). Ka panopticon He hoʻopoepoe hale me na lumi aʻo i kaʻoihana a puni ka Central hale kiaʻi. Ka mea ninoaaeyao kēia hale kiaʻi ke malama i ka hana o nā kānaka a pau i loko o ka lumi. A, o loi, o na kanaka i loko o ka lumi hiki ole malama pono i ka mea i loko o ka hale kiaʻi. Ka mea i loko o ka hale kiaʻi mea, pela he ÿole ÿia hoÿi Makaula (Foucault 1995) .

Kii 6,3: Design mai ka panopticon halepaahao, mua i kohoia e Ieremia Bentham. Ma ke kikowaena, aole he ÿole ÿia hoÿi Makaula i hiki malama i ka hana o ka a pau, a, aole e hiki ke malama. Unuhi aku la ia ma Willey Reveley, 1791. Source: Wikimedia maoli .

In mea, mīkini hoʻomakākiu mea e oi loa aku mamua o ka mea i loko o ka hale kiaʻi no ka mea, e hiki paka i ka loa kikohoʻe mooolelo o ka hana e waiho waho hiki loa (Mayer-Schönberger 2009) . Oiai ka mea, aole nae he piha i hoʻopaʻa 'ia o nā kānaka kolohe merged i loko o ka haku hōkeoʻikepili, ua neʻe mea, ma ia olelo. A me, ka mea ana e loa hoomau e like me ka loihi e like me na uea 'ana o nā mea e loaʻa ka mea nalo hoomau e hoomahuahua, i ka lilo o ka papaa mau la e emi iho, a me ka nui o ko kakou mau ola i kamepiula-mediated.

I na lawelawe noiʻi i keia kumu hōkeoʻikepili ke initially kani pīhoihoi, a ua hiki oiaio no e hoʻohana no ka mea, he nui na mea nui noiʻi. Loio i haumana, nae, ua haawiia mai he okoa ka inoa i kēia haku hōkeoʻikepili: ka hōkeoʻikepili o ka make (Ohm 2010) . Ka hanaia'na o ke ahiahi he kāpili haku hōkeoʻikepili hiki ke loaa he kanawai ma ka lawelawe a me ka pili aupuni ola ina kanaka i hahai i ka heluhelu i kekahi mau pono a kūkākūkā kekahi kumuhana apau loa (Schauer 1978; Penney 2016) . He mea no hoi, he pilikia i ke kumu hōkeoʻikepili, oiai e hanaia no ka mea, hookahi hana, e olelo aku nei targeting hoʻolaha pāʻoihana, i ka la hookahi, e hoʻohana no ka mea, he okoa hana, he kahua kapaia kiʻekiʻe-ana. A horrific mamuli o unanticipated kiʻekiʻe-hoʻohana hanaʻia i loko o ka Apana o ke Kaua Honua i ka wa a ke aupuni helu 'ikepili-ka haku hōkeoʻikepili o ia manawa, ua hoʻohana' ia e kōkua i ka genocide i lawe wahi e ku Iudaio, Roma, a me kekahi poe e ae (Papa 6.1) (Seltzer and Anderson 2008) . Na statisticians e ohi i ka ikepili iloko o maluhia manawa kokoke oiaio i maikai manao. Aka, i ka wa a ko ke ao nei hoʻololi-i ka wa a ka poe Nazis i hele mai i ka mana ma Germany, a kokoke'āina-keia 'ike hoʻohana' he kiʻekiʻe-hoʻohana ua ole manao. Once ka haku hōkeoʻikepili e kū nei, he mea paakiki ka mua mai i ka hiki iaʻu ke kōkua o ke ia mea, a pehea ia e hoʻohana.

Ano o ka nohona noiʻi, ua loa, kahi lōʻihi'ē aku i kekahi mea e like me okumu i kapa 'ole ma luna o ke kaiāulu kanaka, a komo iloko o ke kanaka pono hoʻohana pākela i waena o nā haumāna-ana. I Fashion wae e kūkākūkā i keia mau kumuhana apau loa, naʻe, no ka mea, ke manao nei au, e kōkua lākou nohona noiʻi i hoomaopopo i ka maka aniani, ma ka mea a kekahi kanaka e ike i ko lakou hana. E hoʻi i ka ho'āʻoʻana, Makehewa, a me ka Time papahana, no ka mea, laʻana. Ma ka merging pu loa, a me granular ikepili mai Facebook a me ke kina ole, a me granular ikepili mai Harvard, ka noiʻi hana i amazingly waiwai nānaina o ka nohona a me ka nohona kuʻuna o nā haumāna (Lewis et al. 2008) . I na lawelawe noiʻi i keia mea e like me ka haku hōkeoʻikepili, ka mea hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia no ka maikai. Aka, i kekahi mea e ae, ka mea nana e like me ka hoomaka ana o ka hōkeoʻikepili o ka make ka mea i hanaia me ka ae ole o ka poe i komo. O ka hoao ana, Makehewa, a me ka Time papahana hoomaka ae la i ka 2006, a me ka 'ike e noiʻi i uaʻaʻole maopopo ponoi. Aka, ina oe e nana aku i ka iki ia oukou ke manao wale ia keia mau kumuhana a pau, aolie e loaa hou luna '. Heaha ke ano o ka mīkini mosaic e hiki no? Ieoaeunoai e pili ana i nā haumāna i ka 2026 a 2046 noiʻi?

Ma waho aʻeo kēia nuipa a hoʻomakākiu, noiʻi-hou ma ka laulima me ka poʻe a me na aupuni, e hiki increasingly systematically intervene ola poʻe kānaka i loko, i mea e ho okumu randomized lāʻau hoʻokolohua. No ka mea, laʻana, i ka 'ehaʻeha o Contagion, ka noiʻi lākou i heluʻia 700.000 kanaka ma ka ho okolohua me ko lakou' ae 'ole kaʻike. A, e like me aʻu i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka Mokuna 5 (e holo mai ana ho okolohua), i kēiaʻano o ka malu conscription o ka i komo i loko o ia mea, aole uncommon. Eia, ka mea aole he pono ke alu like 'ana o ka nui poʻe. E like me au i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka Mokuna 5, noiʻi hiki increasingly mea i manao ai, ae kukulu kikohoʻe ho okolohua meʻole iaaanu koina, he uku' ole i mau hiʻohiʻona nō loa nui hoʻokolohua. E like me ka hiki i ka malama, i ka hiki ke systematically pīhoihoi ka manaʻo e paha hoomau i ka ulu.

Iloko o ka ili o keia mahuahua ka mana, noiʻi alo kue a me overlapping na rula, na kanawai, a me na kūmau. Hookahi kumu o keia inconsistency oia i na uea 'o ka mīkini makahiki, e hoololi ana i oi koke aku mamua o na rula, na kanawai, a me na kūmau. No ka mea, laʻana, ka mea Lei Rule (ia ke kauoha o na rula kālai'āina loa aupuni hoʻolako 'ia ma ka United States) i loli iki mai 1981. He ho'āʻo pono e Hōʻano hou i ka Lei Rule hoomaka ae la i ka 2011, aka, ua i paʻa like o ke kauwela o 2016. A lua kumu o ka inconsistency mea i kūmau a puni Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo manaÿo e like me pilikino ua malie ke Imi hoopaapaa e noiʻi, e pili'ē aʻe, a me ka activist. Ina hoʻomalu ma keia mau wahi hiki ole hikiʻaʻahu kona manaʻo,ʻaʻole mākou e kali ai empirical noiʻi, a komo, e hiki kona manaʻo ma kekahi. He hope loa kumu o ka inconsistency mea i mīkini makahiki noiʻi he increasingly hui i loko o nā pōʻaiapili ', e hiki aku ai i potentially overlapping kūmau a me nā lula. No ka mea, laʻana, 'ehaʻeha o Contagion he laulima ma waena o ka' ike nä känaka 'epekema ma Facebook a me ke Kumu, a puka ka haumāna ma Cornell. Ma Facebook, ua holo nui ho okolohua oaeouee e like me ka loihi o ko lakou hooko ole me Facebook i ka olelo o ka hana, a ma ia manawa, aole loa he kolu-aoao loiloi 'ia o ia mea. Ma Cornell na kūmau a me na rula, he loa okoa; virtually pono e nānā 'na hoʻokolohua, ma ke Cornell IRB. No laila, ka mea i na rula e hoomalu 'ehaʻeha o Contagion-Facebook no ke keiki a Cornell ke? I ka wa malaila, ua kue, a me overlapping na rula, na kanawai, a me na kūmau a hiki pono, 'o ia hoʻi noiʻi ke loaa ka pilikia e hana i ka mea pono. Ma ka oiaio, no ka mea, o ka mea inconsistency, aole paha, aole i lilo i hoʻokahi pono mea.

Nohona ma, keia mau hiʻohiʻona-mahuahua elua mana, a me ka nele o ka aelike e pili ana i ka mea mana e hoohana-ia hoʻi, ke i noiʻi hana ma ka mīkini makahiki e hele i ka maka ethical hana nui loa ia, no ka mea foreseeable wā e hiki mai. Mea pōmaikaʻi, noiʻi alo i keia mau hana nui loa ia, aole pono e hoʻomaka mai scratch. Akā, noiʻi lena i ka naauao, mai mua ulu ethical kumu a me na aieao, nā kumuhana apau loa o ka aʻe elua pauku.