3.5.1 ? Aneeo wā pōkole, ka loiloi 'ana

Noiʻi ke kua i nui ana, ae pīpī aʻe ia mau mea i loko o ke ola kanaka '.

? Aneeo wā pōkole, ka loiloi 'ana (Ema) pūʻia lawe kahiko ana, ho'āla kaua ia lakou la i mau'āpana, ae pīpī aku ia lakou iloko o ke ola o ka i komo. Pela, anamanaʻo hoopaapaa Hiki ke noi i ka manawa kūpono a me ka wahi, ma mua i loko o ke kapa loihi ninaninau pule mahope iho o ka hanana i ana.

Ema, ua wehewehe aku i ka eha helehelena: (1) ohi o naʻikepili ka maoli-ao hana kūpono; (2) ka loiloi 'ana e kālele ana ma luna o kanaka' he ole loa nā Hui Pūʻia, a me ka haumāna; (3) ka loiloi 'ana i i ka' Oihana Hoʻonaʻauao ke aʻo kahua, manawa ke aʻo kahua, a randomly koke '(ke kaumaha ma muli o ka noiʻi nīnau); a (4) pau 'ana o ka loiloi' ana ma luna o mau manawa (Stone and Shiffman 1994) . Ema mea he kokoke aku noi i mea nui kōkua ai i nā e akamai kaul i kanaka pāʻani aku me pinepine ma ka la. Eia, no ka mea, ua piha i nā mea e loaʻa ka mea nalo, e like me GPS, a akamai kaul accelerometers-he mea increasingly hiki ke trigger ana ma muli o ha awina. No ka mea, laʻana, he akamai kelepona hiki ke iaaiey e trigger i ana nīnau inā he respondent hele iloko o kekahi kaiāulu.

Ka olelo o Ema ua nicely ia manaʻo ma ka ke dissertation noiʻi o Naomi Sugie. Mai ka 1970s kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia i dramatically māhuahua ka helu o na kanaka a pau ia mea imprisons. E like me ka 2005, he 500 ma kela 100.000 Americans poe iloko o ka halepaahao, i ka uku o ka incarceration kiʻekiʻe ma luna o anywhere'ē aʻe i loko o ke ao nei (Wakefield and Uggen 2010) . Ke kēia i loko o ka heluʻana i nā kānaka e komo o ka hale paʻahao ua hoi i kekahi kēia i loko o ka nui o na kanaka e waiho ana ka halepaahao; e pili ana i 700.000 kanaka waiho halepaahao kela a me keia makahiki (Wakefield and Uggen 2010) . Keia mau Aqua-hewa maka loa ho'āʻo maluna haalele ka halepaahao, a Akā naʻe he nui hope i hope iloko o ka halepaahao. I mea e hoomaopopo, ae emi recidivism, lawelawe epekema a me ka pili'ē aʻe pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka hana a mamuli o-hewa e like me lakou i ke komo hou 'lehulehu. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau 'ike, ua paakiki e ohi me ka maʻamau anamanaʻo epekema no ka mea, e mālama mamuli o-hewa e hiki ole ke noiʻi, a me ko lakou mau ola, he loa ka poe. Huahelu hoʻokokoke mai i deploy ana kela mau malama e hala alahula mau dala o na dynamics i loko o ko lākou olaʻana (Sugie 2016) .

I mea e noiʻi i ka hou e komo ai kaʻina hana no mamuli o-hewa me ka nui miomio, Sugie i ka hae probability hāpana o 131 poe kanaka mai ka i ka papa inoa o na kanaka e waiho halepaahao ma Newark, New Jersey. Ua hoomakaukau kela a me keia i komo me ka akamai kelepona i lilo ia i waiwai aeaiiuo ohi anuu. Sugie hoʻohana i nā kaul e lawelawe elua ano o na ana. Mua, ua hoouna aku la i "ka hoao ana mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku ana" ma ka randomly i koho manawa ma waena o 9am a me ka 6pm e noi ana i komo e pili ana i ko lakou mau pono hana a me nā manaʻo. Lua, ma 7pm, ua hoouna aku ia i "kela la i keia anamanaʻo" e noi ana e pili ana i na hana o ia la. Pu mau ana elua hoolako piha, longitudinal i ka 'ikepili i na ola o keia mau Aqua-hewa.

Ma waho aʻeo kēia mau ana, na kaul palapala ia i ko lakou Geographic wahi ma ka pololei,ʻanuʻu, a malama hoʻopā'āluaʻia mooolelo o kahea, a me kikokikona meta-aeaiiuo. A pau o keia 'ike ohi, pakahi aku la ia i ka OE ikepili ohi, e hoala kekahi ethical nīnau, akā, Sugie ka mea i manao ai paopao ai lakou pono. Sugie loaa ka manaʻoi hoʻomaopopo 'o ia' ae mai kela a me keia i komo no ka mea, o keia aeaiiuo ohi, hoʻohana kūpono maluhia ka hoomalu ana, a hoʻohana 'i komo e huli aku i ka Geographic ka hoʻokoloʻana. Eia, i mea e kń i ka pilikia o koi 'ana o nā aeaiiuo (e like me, he kēnā e mai ka makai), Sugie loaa ia ia ka palapala no ka hūnā' mai ka pekelala aupuni i mua o kekahi 'ike, ua ohi (Beskow, Dame, and Costello 2008; Wolf et al. 2012) . Sugie ke kaʻina hana, ua nānā 'ia e ke kolu-aoao (kona kulanui ka huiʻoihana Review Board), a lakou i hele loa aku ia mea, ua imiia mai e na hooponopono ana. E like me ka mea, ke manao nei au i kona hana 'oi aku ka waiwai kumu hoʻohālike no ka mea, na noiʻi huli ana i keia mau mea hookahi no hana nui loa ia; ike Sugie (2014) , a me Sugie (2016) no ka mea, ke kūkākūkā oi aku piha.

I ka hiki ke hoopaa, ae hoopaa i hale hānai 'oihana, ua nui no ka holomua reentry kaʻina. Eia naʻe, Sugie loaa ai kona komo 'hana i ka hoao ana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa,? Aiaiiuo, a me sporadic. Eia, i loko o kona komo auau, he eha okoa lauana: "kakahiaka OAAIeOO" (ka poe e hoʻomaka imi no ka hana, aka, alaila, ninini mai loko mai o ka hana makeke), "hoʻohune hulina" (ka poe e lilo nui o ka manawa i huli no ka hana) , "recurring hana" (ka poe e lilo nui o ka manawa hana), a "haahaa pane" (ka poe e pane aku i ka poe ana mau). Eia, Sugie makemake e hoʻomaopopo hou e pili ana i na kanaka e hooki imi i ka hana. Kekahi manawa kūpono no i keia mau searchers lilo hoʻi e hoʻonāwaliwali ai a me ka naau, a ho'ōla ninini mai loko mai o ka hana makeke. Ka ike o keia manawa kūpono, Sugie hoʻohana i kona mau ana, e ohi i ka ikepili e pili ana i ka 'ehaʻeha o noho ana o komo, a ua loaa ia ia ka "i OAAIeOO" hui, aole i hoike kiekie pae o ka stress a meʻi nō. E aho, i ke ku pono o ka hihia, ka poe i mau i ka huli 'ana no ka hana i hōʻike' oi aku manaʻo o ka 'ehaʻeha o ka pilikia. A pau o keia uku-hua liilii, longitudinal au mamuli e pili ana i ka hana a me ka 'ehaʻeha o noho ana o ka Aqua-hewa, he nui no ka hoʻomaopopo i nā o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai lakou alo a me ka mama i ko lakou hoʻololi hou i loko o kaiāulu. Eia, a pau o keia uku-hua liilii au mamuli ina ua lilo i ka hae anamanaʻo.

Laila he ekolu mau aʻo Sugie ke hana mai. Mua, hou ke hoʻokokoke mai i noi, ua pau loa ia hana maʻalahi me kuʻuna ano o ka mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku; hoole, a Sugie i ka hae probability hāpana mai o ka luawai, i ho'ākāka 'ponoi heluna. Lua, kiekie-alapine (frequency), longitudinal ana ke e maopopo waiwai no këia nohona pilikino i ua ole a me ka hōʻeuʻeu. Kolu, i ka wa anamanaʻo aeaiiuo ohi, ua hui pu kikohoʻe ko läkou ', hou ethical nīnūnē e ala mai oe; I u hana noiʻi ethics i oi aku au mamuli me ka Mokuna 6, aka, Sugie ka hana hōʻike i keia kumuhana, ua addressable ma conscientious a me ka noʻonoʻo noiʻi.