5.3.4 Panina

Hoʻomaopopo i nā kiʻina e hiki ai iāʻoe keʻimi i nā kōkua i nā pilikia e hiki ai iāʻoe ke hōʻike akākaʻaʻole hiki iāʻoe ke pale i kāu iho.

Ma na mea a pau ekolu hamama kahea hana-Netflix uku, Foldit, nā hoa-i-Palapala Sila Nui-noiʻi posed ninau o kekahi 'ano, ua noi pāʻoihana, a laila,ʻo ka maikaʻi loa pāʻoihana lalau. I ka noiʻi i hiki pono ai e ike i ka pono akamai, e noi aku, a me kekahi manawa i ka manaʻo maikaʻi i hele mai unexpected wahi.

I kēia manawa, hiki iaʻu ke kuhikuhi i nā meaʻokoʻaʻelua ma waena o nā papa inoa hāmama a me nā papahana hoʻonohonoho kanaka. ʻO ka mea mua, ma nā papa inoa hāmama e hoʻolaha ai ka mea noiʻi i kahi pahuhopu (e like me ka wānanaʻana i nā hōʻike kiʻi), akā, i loko o ka hoʻonohonoho kanaka, hōʻike ka mea noiʻi i kahi microtask (e like me ka heluʻana i kahi galaxy). ʻO ka lua, ma nā leo hāmama, makemake nā mea noiʻi i kahi kūpono loa-e like me ka meaʻoi loa o ka algorithm no ka wānanaʻana i nā hōkū kiʻi, keʻano hoʻolālā o ka pilikino, a me ka maheleʻoi loa o ka hana mua. nā makana.

Hāʻawiʻia ke kumukūʻai nui no nā leo hoʻomaka a me nā hiʻohiʻonaʻekolu, he aha nāʻano pilikia i ka noiʻi kaiaulu e kūpono i kēia ala? I kēia manawa, pono wau e hōʻoiaʻaʻole i loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa (akā, no nā kumu e wehewehe ai au i kekahi manawa). Ma nāʻano o nā analogs pololei, hiki i kekahi ke noʻonoʻo kahiʻano Peer-to-Patent i kāheaʻia ke kāheaʻia e kekahi mea noiʻi moʻolelo e noi nei i kahi palapala mua loa e haʻi i kekahi kanaka a manaʻo paha. ʻO kaʻikeʻana i keʻano o kēiaʻano pilikia e hiki ke lilo i mea waiwai nui ināʻaʻole nā ​​palapala i pili i ka waihona ma kahi waihona wale nō akā ua hoʻolahaʻia.

ʻO kaʻoi aku o keʻano, he nui nā aupuni a me nā hui i loaʻa nā pilikia e hiki ai ke hāmama i nā pule no ka mea e hiki ke kāheaʻia nā algorithms hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia no ka wānana, aʻo kēia mau wanana e hiki ke lilo i mea alakaʻi nui no ka hana (Provost and Fawcett 2013; Kleinberg et al. 2015) . Eia kekahi laʻana, e like me Netflix makemake e wānana i nā kūlana ma nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, hiki i nā aupuni ke makemake e koho i nā hualoaʻa e like me keʻano o nā haleʻai e loaʻa i nā kaʻina hana olakino i mea e hoʻokaʻawale pono ai i nāʻike nānā. Manaʻoʻia e kēiaʻano pilikia, ua hoʻohanaʻo Edward Glaeser a me nā hoa hana (2016) i ka leo kāhea e kōkua i ka City of Boston i ka wānana mua i nā hana mālama ola a me nā hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma muli o kaʻikepili o nā hōʻike a Yelp a me nāʻikeʻike moʻolelo. Ua hoʻoholo lākou i keʻano o ka hoʻolālā mua i loaʻa i ka leo kāhea e hoʻonui i ka uluʻana o nā mea hale hoʻokipa hale e 50%.

Hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻohanaʻia i nā leka uila e hoʻohālikelike a ho'āʻo i nā manaʻo. Eia kekahi laʻana, uaʻimi keʻimi o ka Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ma kahi o 5,000 mau keiki mai ka hānauʻana ma 20 mau kūlanakauhaleʻo US (Reichman et al. 2001) . Ua hōʻiliʻili nā mea noiʻi i kaʻikepili e pili ana i kēia mau keiki, ko lākou mauʻohana, a me ko lākou wahi ākea ma ka hānauʻana a me nā makahiki 1, 3, 5, 9, a me nā makahiki he 15. Hiki i nāʻike a pau e pili ana i kēia mau keiki, pehea lā e hiki ai i nā mea noi keʻike i nā hopena e like me ka mea e puka i ke kulanui? A iʻole, ua hōʻikeʻia ma kekahi ala eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea noiʻi,ʻo wai kaʻikepili a me nā kumumanao eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka wānanaʻana i kēia hopena? Ma muli o ka hikiʻole o kekahi o kēia mau keiki i kēia wā no ke heleʻana i ke kulanui, he hōʻailona kūpono maoli kēia, a he nui nā kumu'ē aʻe e hoʻohanaʻia e ka poʻe noiʻi. ʻO kekahi kanaka noiʻi e manaʻo nei he mea koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana i nā hopena o ka hopena, kahi hana e hiki ai ke hana i kahi mea'ē aʻe. ʻO kahi o kēia mauʻaoʻao eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi? ʻAʻole mākou iʻike, a ma ke kaʻina o kaʻikeʻana, hiki iā mākou ke aʻo i kekahi mea nui e pili ana i nāʻohana, nā kaiāulu, ka hoʻonaʻauao, a me nā kūlikeʻole. Eia hou, hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia kēia mau wanana no ke alakaʻiʻana i ka hōʻiliʻiliʻikepili. E noʻonoʻo i ka nui o nā haumāna puka kulanui iʻole i manaʻoʻia e puka i ke kula e kekahi o nā hōʻailona; e lilo kēia mau kānaka i mau moho kūlana maikaʻi no nā ninaninau kūpono a me ka nānāʻana i ka nānāʻana. No laila, i kēiaʻanoʻano hāmama,ʻaʻole ka hopena o ka wānana; akā, hāʻawi lākou i kahi ala hou e hoʻohālikelike ai, e hoʻonui ai, ae hoʻohui i nāʻano likeʻole. ʻO kēiaʻano o ka leo hāmamaʻaʻole ia he kiko'ī no ka hoʻohanaʻana i nāʻikepili mai ka Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study a e wānana i nā mea e hele i ke kulanui; hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia e wānana i kekahi hopena i ka manawa e hōʻiliʻiliʻia ma nā hoʻonohonohoʻikeʻikepili lōʻihi.

E like me kaʻu i kākau ai ma mua i kēia māhele,ʻaʻohe nui o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka poʻe noiʻi kaiaulu e hoʻohana i nā pihi hāmama. Manaʻo wauʻo kēia no ka mea,ʻaʻole i kūpono nā kūlohelohe i nā ala e nīnau pinepine ai ka poʻeʻepekema i nā nīnau. Ke hoʻi nei i ka makana Netflix,ʻaʻole e nīnau pinepine nā meaʻepekema e pili ana i ka wānana i nā meaʻai; akā, e nīnau lākou e pili ana i ke kumu a me ke kumu o ka'enela likeʻole no nā poʻe mai nā papahana likeʻole (e nānā i ka, Bourdieu (1987) ). Pēlā "pehea" a me "no ke kumu"ʻaʻole e hāpaiʻia ka nīnau i nā mea hōʻoiaʻike pono, a no laila,ʻaʻohe mea kūpono e wehe i nā kāhea. No laila, uaʻikeʻia nā leo hāmama iʻoi aku ka pono no ka wānana o nā nīnau ma mua o nā nīnau no ka ho'ākākaʻana . Eia naʻe, ua kāhea aku nā mea kālai'āina i nāʻikeʻepekema e hoʻomanaʻo hou i ka dichotomy ma waena o ka wehewehe a me ka wānana (Watts 2014) . E like me ke ala o ka laina ma waena o ka wānana a me ka ho'ākākaʻana, makemake wau e ulu nui nā loiloi i hāpaiʻia i nā noiʻi kaiaulu.