4.5.2 Partner da iko

} Awance zai iya rage halin kaka da kuma ƙara sikelin, amma za a iya canza iri mahalarta, jiyya, da kuma sakamakon da za ka iya amfani da.

The madadin zuwa yin shi da kanka ke hadin guiwa da wani iko kungiyar kamar company, gwamnati, ko} ungiyar NGO. A amfani da yin aiki tare da wani abokin tarayya shi ne cewa za su iya taimaka maka ka gudu gwaje-gwajen da ka kawai ba zai iya yi da kanka. Alal misali, daya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da zan gaya maka game da kasa shiga 61 miliyan mahalarta. babu mutum bincike zai iya cimma wannan sikelin. A daidai wannan lokacin da} awance qara abin da za ka iya yi, shi ma, lokaci guda, constrains ku. Alal misali, mafi yawan kamfanonin ba zai ba ka damar gudanar da wani gwaji da zai iya cutar da su kasuwanci ko bata masa suna. Aiki tare da abokan kuma yana nufin cewa a lokacin da ta je lokaci zuwa buga, za ka iya zo a karkashin matsin "re-frame" your results, da kuma wasu abokan su ma yi kokarin toshe bazawa na aikinka idan shi ya sa su kama sharri. A karshe,} awance kuma ya zo da halin kaka alaka tasowa da kuma rike wadannan haɗin gwiwar.

The core kalubale da cewa yana da da za a warware su sa wadannan tarayya nasara ne gano wata hanya daidaita da moriyar bangarorin biyu, da kuma wani taimako hanyar tunani game da wannan ma'auni ne Pasteur ta Quadrant (Stokes 1997) . Mutane da yawa masu bincike tunanin cewa idan suna aiki a kan wani abu m-wani abu da zai yi na amfani da wani abokin tarayya-sa'an nan kuma suka ba za a iya yin ainihin kimiyya. Wannan mindset zai sa shi sosai wuya ga halittawa nasara tarayya, kuma shi ma ya faru ya zama gaba daya ba daidai ba. Matsalar da wannan hanyar tunani ne banmamaki kwatanta da tafarkin-watse bincike na halitta Louis Pasteur. Duk da yake aiki a kan wani kasuwanci fermentation aikin maida gwoza ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin barasa, Pasteur gano wani sabon aji na kananan kwayoyin cewa, yana yiwuwa ya haifar da jam ka'idar cuta. Wannan samu warware sosai m matsala-taimake inganta aiwatar da fermentation-kuma ya kai ga manyan kimiyya gaba. Saboda haka, maimakon tunanin da bincike tare m aikace-aikace kamar yadda kasancewa a cikin rikici da gaskiya kimiyya bincike, shi ne mafi alhẽri a yi tunani daga cikin wadannan biyu raba girma. Research za a iya m da amfani (ko a'a) kuma gudanar da bincike na iya neman da muhimman hakkokin fahimtar (ko a'a). Kafofin yada, wasu bincike-kamar Pasteur's-za a iya m da amfani da kuma neman muhimman hakkokin fahimtar (Figure 4.16). Research in Pasteur ta Quadrant-bincike cewa inherently cigaba biyu a raga-shi ne manufa domin haɗin gwiwar da ke tsakanin masu bincike da kuma abokan. Ganin cewa baya, zan bayyana biyu gwaji karatu da tarayya: daya da kamfanin da daya tare da wani NGO.

Figure 4.16: Pasteur ta Quadrant (bisa siffa 3.5 daga Stokes (1997) ). Maimakon tunanin bincike kamar yadda ko dai "asali" ko "amfani" shi ne mafi alhẽri a yi tunani da bincike kamar yadda m da amfani (ko a'a) kuma neman muhimman hakkokin fahimtar (ko a'a). Wani misali na bincike cewa duka ne m da amfani kuma ya nẽmi muhimman hakkokin hankali ne Pasteur ta aiki a kan mayar gwoza ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin barasa da kai ga jam ka'idar cuta. Wannan shi ne irin aikin da yake mafi kyau dace domin tarayya da iko. Misalan aikin m da amfani amma wannan ba ya nemi muhimman hakkokin fahimtar zo daga Thomas Edison, da misãli daga aikin da aka ba m da amfani amma wacce take kokarin fahimtar zo daga Niels Bohr. Dubi Stokes (1997) domin karin sosai tattaunawa na wannan tsarin da kuma kowane daga cikin wadannan lokuta.

Large kamfanoni, musamman tech kamfanonin, sun ɓullo da wuce yarda sophisticated kayayyakin for guje hadaddun gwaje-gwajen. A cikin tech masana'antu, wadannan gwaje-gwajen da aka sau da yawa ake kira A / B gwaje-gwaje (domin suna gwada tasiri na biyu jiyya: A da B). Wadannan gwaje-gwajen ne akai-akai gudu domin abubuwa kamar kara danna-ta rates a talla, amma wannan gwaji kayayyakin kuma za a iya amfani da shi don gudanar da bincike da cigaba kimiyya hankali. Wani misali wanda ya nuna m wannan irin bincike ne mai binciken gudanar da kawance tsakanin masu bincike, a Facebook da kuma Jami'ar California, San Diego, a kan effects daban-daban saƙonni a masu jefa} uri'a fito (Bond et al. 2012) .

A Nuwamba 2, 2010-ranar US zaben majalisu-duk 61 miliyan Facebook masu amfani da suka rayu a Amurka da su fiye da 18 dauki bangare a cikin gwaji game zabe. Bayan ziyartar Facebook, masu amfani da aka da ka sanya a cikin daya daga cikin uku kungiyoyi, wanda ƙaddara abin banner (idan wani) da aka sanya a saman su News Feed (Figure 4.17):

• a kula da kungiyar.
• wani bayani game da 'yancin kada kuri'a sakon da clickable "Na zabe" button da counter (info).
• wani bayani game da 'yancin kada kuri'a sakon da clickable "Na zabe" button da counter + sunaye da hotunan da abokai wanda ya riga ya danna kan "Na zabe" (info + zamantakewa).

Bond da kuma abokan aiki karatu biyu main sakamakon: ruwaito rumfunan zaɓen hali da kuma ainihin zabe hali. Na farko, su gano cewa, mutane a info + zamantakewa kungiyar sun kasance game da 2 kashi maki mafi kusantar fiye da mutane a cikin info kungiyar danna "I zabe" (game da 20% vs 18%). Bugu da ari, bayan da masu bincike merged su data da bayyane available zabe records for game da 6 mutane miliyan da suka gano cewa, mutane a info + zamantakewa kungiyar kasance 0,39 yawan maki mafi kusantar su zahiri zabe fiye da mutane a cikin iko yanayin da cewa mutane a info kungiyar kamar yadda m to zabe kamar yadda mutane a cikin iko yanayin (Figure 4.17).

Figure 4.17: Results daga samu-fito-da-zaben gwaji a kan Facebook (Bond et al. 2012) . Mahalarta a info kungiyar zabe a wannan kudi a matsayin mutane a cikin iko yanayin, amma mutane a info + zamantakewa kungiyar zabe a wani dan kadan mafi girma kudi. Bars wakilci kiyasta 95% amincewa jinkiri. Results a jadawali hada game da miliyan 6 mahalarta ga wanda masu bincike na iya daidaita zuwa zabe records.

Wannan gwaji ya nuna cewa wasu online samu-fito-da-zaben saƙonni sun fi tasiri fiye da wasu, kuma ya nuna cewa bincike ta kimanta na da tasiri na a magani iya dogara ne a kan ko suna nazarin ya ruwaito ko ainihin hali. Wannan gwaji da rashin alheri ba ya bayar da wani alamu game da sunadaran ta hanyar abin da zamantakewa bayanai-wanda wasu masu bincike sun playfully da ake kira "face tari" -increased zabe. Zai iya zama cewa zamantakewa bayanai karu yiwuwar cewa wani lura da banner ko ya karu da yiwuwar cewa wani wanda ya lura da banner zahiri zabe ko biyu. Saboda haka, wannan gwaji na samar da mai ban sha'awa gano cewa kara bincike za su iya gano (duba misali, Bakshy, Eckles, et al. (2012) ).

Bugu da kari inganta burin da masu bincike, wannan gwaji kuma sun ci gaba da burin da abokin tarayya kungiyar (Facebook). Idan ka canja hali karatu daga rumfunan zaɓen zuwa sayen sabulu, to, za ka iya ganin cewa, binciken na da ainihin wannan tsarin a matsayin gwaji don auna sakamakon online talla (duba misali, Lewis and Rao (2015) ). Wadannan ad tasiri karatu akai-akai gwada sakamakon daukan hotuna zuwa online talla-da jiyya a Bond et al. (2012) ne m talla ga zabe-on offline hali. Saboda haka, wannan binciken zai iya ci gaba Facebook ta ikon nazarin tasiri na online talla, kuma zai iya taimakawa Facebook shawo m tallace-tallace da Facebook talla ne m.

Ko da yake da bukatun da masu bincike da kuma abokan da aka mafi yawa masu hada kai a wannan binciken, sun kasance ma partially a tashin hankali. Musamman, da kasafi na mahalarta da uku yanayi-iko, info, kuma info + zamantakewa-aka tremendously imbalanced: 98% na sample aka sanya wa info + zamantakewa. Wannan imbalanced kasafi ne wanda ya kasa aiki ilimin kididdiga, da kuma fi kyau kasafi ga masu bincike dã sun kasance 1/3 daga cikin mahalarta a kowane kungiya. Amma, da imbalanced kasafi ya faru saboda Facebook so kowa ya sami info + zamantakewa magani. Sa'a, da masu bincike gamsu da su rike da baya 1% ga wani related magani da kuma 1% na mahalarta ga wani iko kungiyar. Ba tare da kula da kungiyar dã ya kasance m yiwuwa a gwada sakamakon da info + zamantakewa magani domin shi zai yi a "perturb kuma suka tsayar" gwaji maimakon a yi da ka sarrafawa gwaji. Wannan misali na samar da wani muhimmanci da m kula ga yin aiki tare da abokan: wani lokacin da ka ƙirƙiri wani gwaji da rinjayarwa wani ya sadar da wani magani da kuma wani lokacin da ka ƙirƙiri wani gwaji da rinjayarwa wani ba ya sadar da wani magani (watau, ya halicci iko kungiyar).

Partnership ba ko da yaushe bukatar unsa tech kamfanoni da A / B gwaje-gwaje da miliyoyin mahalarta. Alal misali, Alexander Coppock, Andrew tsammani, da Yahaya Ternovski (2016) ha] a hannu da wani muhalli NGO (League kiyayewa Masu jefa kuri'a) gudu gwaje-gwajen gwaji daban-daban dabarun inganta zamantakewa janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a. The masu bincike sun yi amfani da NGO ta Twitter account aika fitar biyu jama'a tweets kuma masu zaman kansu kai tsaye saƙonnin da yunkurin Firayim daban-daban na asalin. The masu bincike, to auna wanne daga wadannan sakonni su ne mafi inganci domin ƙarfafa mutane su shiga a takarda da retweet bayani game da wata takarda.

Overall, hulda tare da m sa muku aiki a sikelin da cewa da wuya a yi in ba haka ba, da Table 4.3 bayar sauran misalai na tarayya tsakanin masu bincike da kuma kungiyoyi. } Awance zai iya zama da yawa sauki fiye da gina your own gwaji. Amma, wadannan abũbuwan amfãni zo da disadvantages: tarayya iya iyakance iri mahalarta, jiyya, da kuma sakamakon da ka iya karatu. Bugu da ari, wadannan tarayya iya kai ga da'a kalubale. Hanya mafi kyau don suma wata dama ga kawance ne lura da wani real matsala da ka iya shirya yayin da kake yin ban sha'awa kimiyya. Idan ka ba su amfani da wannan hanyar neman a duniya, zai iya zama da wuya a tabo matsaloli a Pasteur ta Quadrant, amma tare da yi, za ku ji fara lura da su kuma da.