5.3.3 Peer-to-Patent

Peer-to-lamban kira sigar bude kira da taimaka lamban kira jarrabawar samu kafin art. shi ya nuna cewa bude kira za a iya amfani da fiye da Hasashen matsaloli.

Patent jarrabawar da wuya aiki. Suka sami terse, lawyerly kwatancin da sababbin ƙirƙirãwa, sa'an nan kuma dole ne shirya idan ya bayyana sabuwar dabara ne "labari." Wancan ne, da auna dole shirya idan akwai "kafin art" -A baya aka bayyana version na wannan sabuwar dabara-da zai sa a samarwa lamban kira da inganci. Don gane yadda wannan tsari aiki, bari mu duba wani lamban kira auna mai suna Albert, a cikin girmamawa Albert Einstein ya samu ya tashi a cikin Swiss Patent Office. Albert iya karžar aikace-aikace, kamar Amurka Patent 20070118658 yi da Hewlett Packard ga wani "User-selectable management jijjiga format" da kuma yadda aka bayyana a baje a Bet Noveck littafin Wiki Gwamnatin (2009) . A nan ne na farko da da'awar daga cikin aikace-aikace:

"A kwamfuta tsarin, hada da: a processor. a na asali labari / fitarwa tsarin (BIOS) ciki har da dabaru umarnin wanda, a lõkacin da hukuncin kisa da processor, saita da processor zuwa: fara mulki a kai gwajin (POST) aiki a cikin na asali labari / fitarwa tsarin a kwamfuta na'urar. ba daya ko fiye management jijjiga Formats a mai amfani dubawa. sami selection sigina daga mai amfani dubawa gano daya daga cikin management jijjiga Formats gabatar a amfani dubawa. kuma saita na'ura guda biyu zuwa ga kwamfuta tsarin da gano management jijjiga format. "

Ya kamata Albert kyautar shekaru 20 kenkenewa yancin wannan lamban kira ko ya nan kasance kafin art? The hadarurruka da dama lamban kira yanke shawara ne high, amma abin takaici, Albert za su yi wannan yanke shawara ba tare da yawa daga cikin bayanai dõmin ya bukata. Domin daga cikin babbar backlog na hažžožin, Albert na aiki a karkashin zafin lokaci matsa lamba da kuma dole ne ya yanke shawara yin bisa kawai 20 hours na aiki. Bugu da ari, saboda bukatar a ci gaba da samarwa sabuwar dabara m, Albert ba a yarda tuntubar tare da waje masana (Noveck 2006) .

Wannan halin da ake ciki ya bugi doka farfesa Bet Noveck matsayin gaba daya fashe. A watan Yuli 2005, yi wahayi zuwa a sashi daga Wikipedia, ta halitta a blog post mai taken "Peer-to-Patent: A fadin shawara" da ake kira zuwa ga wani bude tsara-review tsarin hažžožin. Bayan tare da haɗin gwiwar Amirka Patent da kuma alamar kasuwanci Office da kuma manyan kamfanoni, irin su fasaha IBM, Peer-to-Patent aka kaddamar a watan Yuni na 2007. A kusan 200 shekara gwamnati burokrasi da kuma rukuni na lauyoyi alama kamar wani wuya wuri nemi bidi'a , amma Peer-to-Patent ya aikata kyakkyawa aiki na daidaita kowa da kowa ta amfani.

Figure 5.9: Peer-to-lamban kira aikace-aikace. Source: Bestor and Hamp (2010) .

Ga yadda yake aiki (Figure 5.9). Bayan an kirkiro amince a yi mata aikace-aikace tafi, ta hanyar jama'a review (more on sa ta iya yi da cewa a cikin minti), da aikace-aikace da aka posted zuwa website. Next, da aikace-aikace da aka tattauna da jama'a bita (kuma, more on dalilin da ya sa su shiga a cikin wani lokacin) da kuma misalan yiwu kafin art suna located, annotated, kuma uploaded zuwa website. Wannan tsari na tattaunawa, bincike, da kuma Ana aikawa ci gaba, har sai da, kyakkyawan, al'umma na bita kuri'u don zaɓar top 10 guda na zargin kafin art da aka sa'an nan ta aika wa lamban kira auna ga review. The lamban kira auna sa'an nan gudanar da ita kansa bincike da kuma a hade tare da labari daga Peer-to-Patent mayar da hukunci.

Komowa kuma Amurka Patent 20070118658 ga wani "User-selectable management jijjiga format." Wannan lamban kira da aka uploaded to peertopatent.org a watan Yuni 2007, inda aka karanta by Steve Pearson, wani babban jami'in software m for IBM. Pearson ya saba da wannan yanki na bincike da kuma gano wani yanki na kafin art: a manual daga Intel mai taken "Active Management Technology: Quick Reference Guide" da aka buga shekaru biyu baya. Amfani da makamai da wannan daftarin aiki, kazalika da sauran kafin art da tattaunawa daga Peer-to-Patent al'umma, a lamban kira auna fara sosai review na harka, da kuma kyakkyawan jefa fitar da lamban kira aikace-aikace, a sashi saboda Intel manual cewa an located da Pearson (Noveck 2009) . Daga cikin 66 lokuta da suka kammala Peer-to-Patent, kusan 30%, an ƙaryata farko dangane da kafin art samu ta hanyar Peer-to-Patent (Bestor and Hamp 2010) .

Abin da ya sa da zane na Peer-to-Patent musamman m ne hanyar da ta samun mutane da yawa na saɓani bukatun ga dukan dance tare. Ir da tutu su shiga a cikin wannan bude lamban kira review saboda lamban kira ofishin binciki Peer-to-Patent aikace-aikace more sauri fiye da hažžožin faruwa ta hanyar gargajiya, m review tsari. Bita da tutu su shiga domin su hana bayar da "takarce hažžožin," kuma da yawa da jũna a samu tsari m. A karshe, lamban kira ofishin da lamban kira jarrabawar da tutu su shiga, domin zai iya kawai su sa sakamakon m. Wancan ne, idan jama'a review tsari sami 10 bad guda na kafin art, wannan aikin da za a iya watsi da lamban kira auna. A wasu kalmomin, Peer-to-Patent da lamban kira auna yin aiki tare ta kasance kamar yadda mai kyau ko mafi alhẽri daga da lamban kira auna aiki a kadaici. Saboda haka, bude kira ba ko da yaushe maye gurbin masana. wani lokacin da suka taimake masana yi aikinsu da kyau.

Ko da yake Peer-to-Patent iya ze daban-daban fiye da Netflix Prize da Foldit, yana da irin wannan tsarin a cikin wannan mafita ne sauki don duba fiye da samar. Da zarar wani ya samar da manual "Active Management Technology: Quick Reference Guide" shi ne in mun gwada sauki-ga lamban kira auna, a kalla-don tabbatar da cewa wannan daftarin aiki ne kafin art. Duk da haka, gano cewa manual ne quite wuya. Peer-to-Patent kuma ya nuna cewa bude kira ayyukan yiwuwa har ma ga ayyuka da cewa su ne ba a fili amenable to quantification.