5.3.4 Kammalawa

Open kira bari kwararru da yawa da kuma wadanda ba masana shawara mafita ga matsalolin inda mafita ne sauki don duba fiye da samar.

A dukan uku bude kira ayyukan-Netflix Prize, Foldit, Peer-to-Patent-bincike shirya tambayoyi da wani takamaiman tsari, nẽme mafita, sa'an nan kuma tsince mafi kyau mafita. The masu bincike ba su ma da bukatar sanin m gwani ka yi tambaya, kuma wani lokacin da mai kyau ideas zo daga m wurare.

Yanzu ina kuma iya haskaka biyu da muhimmanci bambance-bambance tsakanin bude kira ayyukan da mutum ƙidãyar ayyukan. Na farko, a bude kira ayyukan da bincike ƙayyade wata manufa (misali, tsinkaya movie ratings) alhãli kuwa a mutum ƙidãyar bincike ƙayyade wani micro-aiki (misali, kassa a galaxy). Na biyu, a bude kira da masu bincike so mafi kyau taimako-mafi kyau algorithm for tsinkaya movie ratings, mafi ƙasƙanci-makamashi sanyi na mai gina jiki, ko da ya fi dacewa yanki na kafin art-ba wasu irin m hade da duk na gudunmawar.

Ganin general template for bude kira da wadannan uku misalai, abin da iri matsaloli a social bincike zai yi dace da wannan m? A wannan aya, ya kamata in amince da cewa akwai mutane da yawa ba su kasance m misalai yet (saboda wasu dalilai da zan bayyana a cikin wani lokacin). A cikin sharuddan kai tsaye analogues, wanda zai iya tunanin cewa a Peer-to-Patent style aikin da ake amfani da wani tarihi bincike neman farko daftarin aiki a ma maganar wani mutum ko ra'ayin. An bude kira tsarin kula da irin wannan matsala zai iya zama musamman m, a lõkacin da ya dace takardu ba su tattara a cikin wani guda archive amma suna yadu rarraba.

More kullum, mutane da yawa gwamnatoci da matsaloli da zai zama amenable bude kira domin suna game da samar da tsinkaya da za a iya amfani da su shiryar mataki (Kleinberg et al. 2015) . Alal misali, kamar yadda Netflix so ya hango ko hasashen ratings a fina-finai, gwamnatocin iya so su hango ko hasashen sakamakon irin abin da gidajen cin abinci ne mafi kusantar su da lafiya code take hakki don ware dubawa albarkatun da nagarta sosai. M da irin wannan matsala, Glaeser et al. (2016) yi amfani da wani kira a bayyane zuwa ga taimaka wa City na Boston hango ko hasashen restaurant tsabta da kuma kula da tsaftar muhalli keta bisa bayanai daga Yelp reviews da tarihi dubawa data. Glaeser da kuma abokan aiki kimanta cewa gaibu model lashe bude kira zai inganta yawan aiki na gidan cin abinci sufetocin by game da 50%. Harkokin kasuwanci kuma suna da matsaloli tare da irin wannan tsarin, kamar tsinkaya abokin ciniki churn (Provost and Fawcett 2013) .

A karshe, ban da bude kira cewa unsa sakamakon da suka riga ya faru a cikin wani musamman data sa (misali, tsinkaya lafiya code take hakki ta yin amfani da bayanai a kan da kiwon lafiya code take hakki), wanda zai iya kwatanta tsinkaya sakamakon da suka faru ba tukuna ga kowa a cikin dataset . Alal misali, m iyalansu da kuma Child wellbeing binciken ya sa ido game da 5,000 yara tun haihuwa a 20 daban-daban biranen Amirka (Reichman et al. 2001) . Masu bincike sun tattara bayanai game da wadannan yara, da iyalansu, da kuma mafi fadi yanayi a haihuwa, kuma a shekaru daban-daban 1, 3, 5, 9, da kuma 15. Ganin dukan bayanai game da wadannan yara, ta yaya da kyau zai iya bincike hango ko hasashen sakamakon irin wanda zai kammala karatu daga kwalejin? Ko kuma, da aka bayyana a wannan hanyar da zai zama mafi ban sha'awa ga mutane da yawa masu bincike, wanda bayanai da kuma theories zai zama mafi inganci a tsinkaya wadannan sakamakon? Tun babu wani daga cikin wadannan yara su ne a halin yanzu isa zuwa koleji, wannan zai zama mai gaskiya gaba-neman Hasashen kuma akwai mutane da yawa daban-daban dabaru masu bincike zai yi amfani da. A bincike da suka yi imanin cewa, unguwannin ne m, a siffata rayuwa sakamakon zai dauki daya m, alhãli kuwa wani mai bincike da suka mayar da hankali a kan iyalan zai yi wani abu gaba daya daban-daban. Wanne daga cikin wadannan hanyoyin za su yi aiki mafi alhẽri? Ba mu sani ba, kuma a cikin tsari na gano fita mu koyi wani abu mai muhimmanci game da iyalansu, unguwannin, da ilimi, da kuma zamantakewa rashin daidaito. Bugu da ari, wadannan tsinkaya zai iya amfani da su shiryar da m data collection. Ka yi tunanin cewa akwai wani karamin yawan kwalejin digiri da aka ba annabta ya kammala karatu da wani daga cikin model. wadannan mutane zai zama manufa 'yan takara don follow-up ingantaccen tambayoyi da kuma ethnographic kallo. Saboda haka, a irin wannan kira a bayyane, da tsinkaya ne ba ƙarshen. Ã'a, sun samar da wata sabuwar hanya ta kwatanta, wadãta, da kuma hada daban-daban msar tambayar hadisai. Wannan irin bude kira ba musamman don yin amfani da bayanai daga m iyalansu hango ko hasashen wanda zai je koleji, shi za a iya amfani da su hango ko hasashen wani sakamako da za su ƙarshe a tattara a cikin wani a tsaye zamantakewa data sa.

Kamar yadda na rubuta a baya a wannan sashe, a can ba su kasance masu yawa misalai na zamantakewa masu bincike ta amfani da bude kira. Ina ganin cewa, wannan shi ne saboda bude kira ba su da kyau ya dace da hanyar da zamantakewa masana kimiyya yawanci sanã'anta su tambayoyi. Komowa zuwa Netflix Prize, zamantakewa masana kimiyya ba zai yawanci tambaye game da tsinkaya dandani, dã tambaye game da yadda kuma me ya sa al'adu dandani bambanta domin mutane daga daban-daban na zamantakewa azuzuwan (Bourdieu 1987) . Irin wannan "yadda" da kuma "dalilin da ya sa" tambaya ba kai ga sauki don tabbatar da mafita, sabili da haka ze talauci Fit bude kira. Saboda haka, wannan ya nuna cewa bude kira ne mafi amenable to tambaya Hasashen fiye da tambayoyi na bayani. for more on bambanci tsakanin Hasashen kuma bayani ga Breiman (2001) . Recent theorists, duk da haka, sun yi kira a kan zamantakewa masana kimiyya ya sake dichotomy tsakanin bayani da Hasashen (Watts 2014) . Kamar yadda line tsakanin Hasashen kuma bayani blurs, ina sa ran cewa bude gasa za ta zama ƙara na kowa a cikin zaman takewar kimiyya.