5.4.3 Kammalawa
Rarraba data tarin ne zai yiwu, da kuma a nan gaba za su iya unsa fasaha da kuma m hallara.
As eBird nuna, rarraba data tarin za a iya amfani da kimiyya da bincike. Bugu da ari, PhotoCity nuna cewa matsalolin da suka shafi daukan samfur da kuma bayanan quality ne yiwuwar solvable.
Ta yaya za rarraba data tarin aikin zamantakewa bincike? A m misali ya zo daga aikin Susan Watkins ita da abokan aiki a kan Malawi mujallolin Project (Watkins and Swidler 2009; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti 2015) . A cikin wannan shiri, 22 gida mazauna-da ake kira " 'yan jarida" -kept "conversational mujallolin" da rubuta, daki-daki, da tattaunawa da suka overheard game AIDS a kullum rayuwar talakawa mutane (a lokacin aikin ya fara, game da 15% na manya a Malawi aka kamuwa da HIV (Bello, Chipeta, and Aberle-Grasse 2006) ). Sabõda Insider status, wadannan 'yan jarida sun iya overhear tattaunawa da zai kasance m to Susan Watkins ita da Western bincike hadin gwiwar (zan tattauna xa'a wannan daga baya a cikin sura ta a lokacin da na bayar da shawara game da zayyana your own taro haɗin gwiwar aikin ). The labari daga Malawi mujallolin Project ya haddasa da dama da muhimmanci binciken. Alal misali, kafin soma aiki, mutane da yawa bare yi imani da cewa akwai shiru game da AIDS a yankin Saharar Afrika, amma mujallolin nuna cewa, wannan shi a fili ba haka al'amarin: 'yan jarida overheard daruruwan hira a kan topic, a wurare kamar yadda bambancin matsayin funerals , sanduna, da majami'u. Bugu da ari, yanayin wadannan tattaunawa taimaka masu bincike fi gane wasu daga cikin jure kwaroron roba amfani. hanyar da kwaroron roba amfani da aka firam a kiwon lafiya saƙonnin da aka saba tare da hanyar da aka tattauna a rayuwar yau da kullum (Tavory and Swidler 2009) .
Hakika, kamar bayanai daga eBird, da bayanai daga Malawi mujallolin Project ba m, wani batun tattauna a daki-daki, daga Watkins da kuma abokan aiki. Alal misali, da ke rubuce tattaunawa ba a bazuwar samfurin dukan yiwu tattaunawa. Ã'a, sũ ne da bai cika ƙidaya tattaunawa game da AIDS. A cikin sharuddan data quality, da masu bincike yi imani da cewa su 'yan jarida sun kasance high quality labarai, kamar yadda evidenced by daidaito cikin mujallolin da kuma fadin mujallolin. Bugu da ari, sa'ad da isa da 'yan jarida da ake tura a cikin wani karamin isa saiti kuma rahotannin da ake mayar da hankali a kan wani takamaiman batu, redundancy zama zai yiwu, wanda qara amincewa a data quality. Alal misali, a jima'i ma'aikacin mai suna "Stella" nuna up sau da yawa a cikin mujallolin na hudu daban-daban da 'yan jarida (Watkins and Swidler 2009) . Kamar yadda shi ne a PhotoCity, da yin amfani da redundancy da muhimmanci manufa domin kimantawa da kuma tabbatar da bayanai iri a rarraba data tarin ayyukan. Domin kara gina your diraya, Table 5.3 nuna wasu misalai na rarraba data tarin ga zamantakewa da bincike.
| data tattara | lissafi |
|---|---|
| Tattaunawa game da HIV / AIDS a Malawi | Watkins and Swidler (2009) . Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti (2015) |
| Street rokon a London | Purdam (2014) |
| Rikici events in Eastern Congo | Windt and Humphreys (2016) |
| Tattalin aiki a Nigeria da kuma Liberia | Blumenstock, Keleher, and Reisinger (2016) |
| mura kula | Noort et al. (2015) |
Dukkanin misalai aka bayyana a cikin wannan sashe sun hannu aiki hallara: 'yan jarida a rubuce tattaunawa da suka ji. birders uploaded su birding checklists. ko 'yan wasan da uploaded su photos. Amma abin da idan hallara ya m, kuma ba su bukatar wani takamaiman fasaha ko lokaci zuwa sallamãwa? Wannan shi ne alkawarin miƙa ta "hadin gabansa" ko "mutane-centric gabansa." Alal misali, Pothole yan sintiri, a aikin da masana kimiyya a MIT, saka GPS sanye take accelerometers cikin bakwai taxi cabs a Boston yankin (Eriksson et al. 2008) . Saboda tuki a kan wani pothole bar wani jinsin accelerometer sigina, wadannan na'urori, a lõkacin da sanya cikin motsi taksin, zai iya haifar da pothole maps of Boston. Hakika, taksin ba da ka samfurin hanyoyi, amma bai isa taksin, za'a iya isa ɗaukar hoto don samar da bayanai game da manyan rabo daga su birnin. A karo na biyu amfanin m tsarin da dogara da fasaha shi ne cewa su de-fasaha da tsari na bayar da tasu gudunmuwar data: alhãli kuwa, shi yana bukatar fasaha don taimakawa wajen eBird (saboda kana bukatar ka iya dogara gano tsuntsaye), shi bukatar wani musamman da basira to taimakawa wajen Pothole yan sintiri.
Going ido, na zargin cewa da dama rarraba data tarin ayyukan za su fara yin amfani da damar mobile phones cewa an riga ɗauke da biliyoyin mutanen da ke kewaye da duniya. Wadannan wayoyin riga da babban yawan na'urori masu auna sigina da muhimmanci ga ji, kamar Microphones, kyamarori, GPS na'urorin, kuma agogo. Bugu da ari, wadannan mobile phones goyi bayan na uku-jam'iyyar apps kunna masu bincike wasu iko a kan tamkar data tarin ladabi. A karshe, wadannan wayoyin da yanar-gizo-connectivity, yin shi yiwuwa a gare su su kashe-load da data suka tattara. Akwai da yawa fasaha kalubale daga m na'urori masu auna sigina iyaka batir, amma wadannan matsaloli za su iya rage tsawon lokaci kamar yadda fasaha tasowa. Batutuwa da suka shafi bayanin tsare da xa'a, a daya hannun, zai samu mafi rikitarwa kamar yadda fasaha tasowa. Zan koma tambayoyi na xa'a a lõkacin da Na bayar da shawara game da zayyana your own taro haɗin gwiwar.
A rarraba data tarin ayyukan, masu sa kai taimaka data game da duniya. Wannan m an riga an yi amfani da nasara, da kuma nan gaba amfani zai iya yi magance daukan samfur da kuma bayanan quality damuwa. Abin farin, data kasance ayyukan kamar PhotoCity da Pothole yan sintiri bayar da shawarar mafita ga wadannan matsaloli. Kamar yadda mafi ayyukan yi amfani da fasaha da sa de-gwani da m hallara, rarraba data tarin ayyukan kamata da cika fuska ƙara a sikelin, kunna masu bincike da tattara bayanai da aka kawai kashe iyaka a baya.
