6.2.3 Encore

Masu bincike ya sa mutane kwakwalwa zuwa asirce ƙoƙari ya ziyarci yanar da aka yi tsammani za a katange by haramta shi gwamnatoci.

A watan Maris shekarar 2014, masu bincike kaddamar Encore, a tsarin samar da real-lokaci da kuma duniya ma'aunai na Internet katsalandan. Don gane da yadda ya yi aiki, bari mu yi tunani game da shi, a cikin mahallin da keɓaɓɓen shafin yanar gizon (idan ba ka da daya, za ka iya kwatanta your aboki). Daya hanyar tunani game da shafin yanar gizon ne a matsayin kwamfuta shirin rubuta a html harshe. A lokacin da wani mai amfani ziyarci your website, ta kwamfuta downloads your html shirin, sa'an nan kuma Ya mayar da shi a kan mata allon. Saboda haka, ka shafin yanar gizon da wani shirin da ke iya sa wasu mutane kwakwalwa bi wani sets of umarnin. Saboda haka, masu bincike, Sam Burnett da Nick Feamster, da suke a Georgia Tech, karfafa website masu shigar karamin code snippit cikin shafukan yanar gizo:

 <iframe  src= "//encore.noise.gatech.edu/task.html"  width= "0"  height= "0"  style= "display: none" ></iframe> 

Idan ka ziyarci wani shafin yanar gizon da wannan code snippit da shi, a nan ne abin da zai faru. Duk da yake your web browser da aka rending shafin yanar gizon, da code snippit zai sa kwamfutarka don kokarin tuntube a website cewa masu bincike sun sa idanu. Alal misali, shi zai iya zama da website na dakatar jam'iyyar siyasa ko tsananta addini kungiya. Sa'an nan, kwamfutarka zai bayar da rahoton baya ga masu bincike game da ko shi ya iya tuntube da yiwuwar katange website (Figure 6.2). Bugu da ari, duk wannan zai zama marar ganuwa zuwa gare ka, sai sun bari da html source fayil na shafin yanar gizon. Irin wannan ganuwa uku-jam'iyyar page buƙatun su ne ainihin quite na kowa a kan yanar gizo (Narayanan and Zevenbergen 2015) , sai suka wuya unsa bayyane yunkurin don auna} arar.

Figure 6.2: Schematic na bincike zane na Encore. Asalin website aika ka a shafin yanar gizon da aka rubuta a html da karamin code makki saka da shi (mataki 1). Kwamfutarka mayar da shafin yanar gizon, wanda triggers da ji aiki (mataki 2). Kwamfutarka ƙoƙarin samun damar ji manufa, wanda zai iya zama website na dakatar siyasa kungiyar (mataki na 3). A m, kamar gwamnati, na iya to toshe your hanya zuwa ga ji manufa (mataki 4). A karshe, kwamfutarka rahoton sakamakon wannan request ga masu bincike (ba da aka nuna a cikin adadi). Figure daga Burnett and Feamster (2015) .

Wannan m yana da wasu sosai m fasaha Properties for aunawa katsalandan. Idan isa yanar ƙara wannan code snippit, to, da masu bincike za su iya samun hakikanin-lokaci, duniya-sikelin wanda gwargwadonsa yanar aka tace daga abin da ƙasashe. Kafin kaddamar da aikin, da masu bincike shawara da IRB a Georgia Tech, da kuma IRB ki yi bitar aikin, domin shi ya ba "mutum batutuwa bincike" a karkashin Common Rule (da Common Rule ne ya kafa dokokin hukumar mafi federally-biya bincike a Amurka. don ƙarin bayani, duba da Historical Shafi a karshen wannan babi).

Ba da da ewa bayan Encore aka kaddamar, duk da haka, masu bincike sun tuntube da Ben Zevenbergen, sa'an nan kuma wani digiri na biyu dalibi, wanda ya tashe tambayoyi game da xa'a da aikin. Musamman ma, akwai wata damuwa cewa mutane a wasu kasashen za a iya fallasa hadarin idan suka kwamfuta yunkurin ziyarci wani m yanar, da kuma wadannan mutane da suka anã gitta su hadarin bai yarda su shiga a cikin binciken. Bisa ga wadannan tattaunawa, da Encore tawagar modified aikin kawai ƙoƙari ya auna yin katsalandan na Facebook, Twitter, da kuma YouTube saboda uku-jam'iyyar ƙoƙarin samun damar waɗannan shafuka ne na kowa a lokacin al'ada yanar gizo browsing (misali, kowane shafin yanar gizon da Facebook Like Button triggers a uku-jam'iyyar request to Facebook).

Bayan tattara bayanai da amfani da wannan modified zane, wata takarda kwatanta hanya kuma wasu sakamakon da aka sallama a SIGCOMM, a babbar kwamfuta kimiyya taron. Shirin kwamitin ya yaba da fasaha taimako daga cikin takarda, amma bayyana damuwa game da rashin informed izini daga mahalarta. Daga qarshe, wannan shirin kwamitin ya yanke shawarar buga da takarda, amma tare da sanya hannu sanarwa bayyana da'a damuwa (Burnett and Feamster 2015) . Irin wannan yarjejeniyar sanarwa ya taba aka yi amfani da a SIGCOMM, kuma wannan yanayin ya haddasa ƙarin muhawara da kwamfuta masana kimiyya game da yanayi na xa'a a cikin bincike (Narayanan and Zevenbergen 2015) .