6.4.4 Mutunta Attaura da Public Interest
Mutunta Attaura da Public Interest kara da manufa na karimci bayan takamaiman bincike mahalarta su sun hada da duk masu ruwa da tsaki dacewa.
The hudu da na karshe manufa da za a iya shiryar da ku tunani ne Mutunta Attaura da Public Interest. Wannan manufa ya zo daga Menlo Report, sabili da haka za a iya kasa da aka sani da kyautata masu bincike. The Menlo Report bayar da hujjar cewa da manufa na Mutunta Attaura da Public Interest ne a fakaice a qa'ida ta karimci, amma Menlo Report bayar da hujjar cewa shi ya cancanci bayyane shawara. A tunanina, hanya mafi kyau a yi tunani game da wannan manufa shi ne cewa karimci o ƙarin tabbatar da mayar da hankali a kan mahalarta da kuma cewa Mutunta Attaura da Public Interest baro-baro karfafa masu bincike ya dauki fadi ra'ayi da kuma hada doka a cikin sharudda. A analog shekaru bincike-irin na gargajiya da kuma safiyo Lab gwaje-gwajen da masu bincike-kasance da wuya a bazata karya doka. A online bincike, wannan shi ne, da rashin alheri, da yawa kasa gaskiya.
A cikin Menlo Report, Mutunta Attaura da Public Interest biyu jinsin aka gyara: (1) yarda da kuma (2) Transparency tushen Kashe. Yarda yana nufin cewa masu bincike ƙoƙari ya gane kuma ku yi ɗã'ã dacewa da dokoki, kwangila, da kuma sharuddan sabis. Alal misali, yarda zai nufin cewa wani mai bincike la'akari scraping da abun ciki na wani website ya kamata karanta da kuma la'akari da sharuddan-of-service yarjejeniyar cewa website. Akwai iya, duk da haka, a yanayi inda ya halatta a karya sharuddan sabis. Alal misali, a wani lokaci da Verizon da AT & T da sharuddan sabis da ya hana abokan ciniki daga sukar da su (Vaccaro et al. 2015) . Masu bincike ba za a ta atomatik daure da irin sharuddan-of-service yarjejeniyar. Fi dacewa, idan masu bincike karya sharuddan sabis yarjejeniyar, ya kamata su bayyana su yanke shawara a fili (misali, Soeller et al. (2016) ). Amma, wannan gaskiya iya bijirar da masu bincike zuwa kara shari'a hadarin. A {asar Amirka, alal misali, da Computer Fraud da Abuse dokar da ke sa shi ba bisa doka ba a karya sharuddan sabis yarjejeniyar (Sandvig and Karahalios 2016) .
Bugu da ari, nuna gaskiya tushen lissafi yana nufin cewa masu bincike bukatar ya zama bayyananne game da raga, hanyoyin, da kuma sakamakon a duk matakai na gudanar da bincike da kuma tsarin ya dauki alhakin ayyukansu. Wata hanyar tunani game da wannan gaskiya na tushen lissafi shi ne cewa shi yana kokarin hana gudanar da bincike al'umma daga yin abubuwa a ɓoye. Wannan gaskiya tushen en sa a fadi rawa ga bincike al'umma da kuma jama'a a da'a muhawara, wanda yake shi ne da muhimmanci ga duka da'a da kuma m dalilai.
Da ake ji da manufa na Mutunta Attaura da Public Interest wadannan uku karatu nuna wasu daga cikin ganewar masu bincike fuskanci lõkacin da ta je doka. Alal misali, Grimmelmann (2015) ya bayar da hujjar cewa Wani tunanin Contagion iya kasance ba bisa doka ba a karkashin dokar a jihar Maryland. Musamman, Maryland House Bill 917, haƙĩƙa, sun shige a 2002, kara Common Rule kare duk bincike gudanar a Maryland, mai zaman kanta da kudade source (yi tunani cewa mutane da yawa masana yi imani da cewa Wani tunanin Contagion ba batun da Common Rule karkashin Tarayya Law domin an gudanar da a Facebook, wani ma'aikata da cewa ba ya sami bincike kudi daga gwamnatin Amirka). Duk da haka, wasu malamai yi imani da cewa Maryland House Bill 917 ne da kanta tsarin mulki [ Grimmelmann (2015) . p. 237-238]. Yin zamantakewa masu bincike ba su yi hukunci, sabili da haka ba su sanye take fahimtar da tantance tsara dokokin dukan 50 Amurka jihohin. Wadannan complexities suna ninkawa a kasa da kasa ayyukan. Encore, misali, hannu mahalarta daga 170 kasashe, abin da ya sa doka yarda wuce yarda da wuya. A mayar da martani ga shubuha shari'a muhalli, masu bincike ya yi da hankali zuwa sha uku-jam'iyyar da'a review aikinsu, kamar yadda biyu tushen shawara game da shari'a da bukatun da kuma matsayin sirri kariya idan su gudanar da bincike ne niyya ba bisa doka ba.
A daya hannun, dukan uku karatu buga su da sakamakon a ilimi mujallolin kunna gaskiya tushen lissafi. A gaskiya, wani tunanin Contagion aka buga bude hanya don haka bincike al'umma da fadi jama'a da aka sanar da-bayan gaskiyar-game da zane da kuma sakamakon da bincike. Daya mulkin yatsa tantance gaskiya tushen lissafi ne don ka tambayi kanka: zan zama dadi idan ta bincike hanyoyin da aka rubuta game da a gaban shafi na gida garin jaridar? Idan amsar ba, cewa shi ne mai ƙarfi ãyã cewa your bincike zane bukatar canje-canje.
A ƙarshe, da Belmont Report kuma Menlo Report shawara hudu ka'idodin da za a iya amfani da su tantance bincike: Mutunta mutane, karimci, Justice, kuma Mutunta Attaura da Public Interest. Da ake ji wadannan hudu ka'idodin yi ba ko da yaushe mai saukin ganewa, kuma tana iya bukatar wuya daidaita. Alal misali, lokacin da yankan shawara ko a debrief mahalarta daga Wani tunanin Contagion, Mutunta Mutanen zai karfafa debriefing alhãli kuwa karimci zai hana debrief (idan debriefing zai kanta yi hanin). Babu m hanyar daidaita wadannan gasar ka'idojin, amma a mafi, hudu ka'idojin taimakawa bayyana cinikayya-offs, bayar da shawarar canje-canje ga bincike kayayyaki, da kuma taimaka masu bincike don bayyana su tattaunawa da juna da jama'a.
