6.4.3 Justice

Justice ne game da tabbatar da cewa kasada da kuma amfanin bincike suna rarraba fairly.

The Belmont Report bayar da hujjar cewa qa'ida ta Justice bayani da rarraba da nauyi da kuma amfanin bincike. Wancan ne, bai kamata ya zama haka al'amarin da cewa daya kungiyar a cikin al'umma Bears halin kaka na bincike yayin da wani rukuni reaps da amfanin. Alal misali, a cikin 19th da farkon karni na 20th, zunuban bauta a matsayin bincike fannoni cikin likita gwaji fadi sun fi mayar a kan matalauta, da kuma amfanin inganta kiwon lafiya flowed farko da arziki.

A yi, da manufa na Justice farko an fassara kusa da ra'ayin cewa m mutanen da ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga masu bincike. A wasu kalmomin, masu bincike ba za a yarda ya ganganci ganima a kan m. Yana da wani matsalolin juna cewa a baya, babban adadin ethically matsala karatu sun hannu musamman m mahalarta ciki har da talauci da kuma ilimi ance gaskiyar al'amurra 'yan ƙasa (Jones 1993) . fursunoni (Spitz 2005) . katutu, wajen tunani nakasa yara (Robinson and Unruh 2008) . kuma da haihuwa da kuma debilitated asibiti marasa lafiya (Arras 2008) .

Around 1990, duk da haka, views Shari'a fara lilo daga kariya ga hanya (Mastroianni and Kahn 2001) . Alal misali, gwagwarmaya jãyayya da cewa yara, mata, da 'yan tsirarun kabilu da ake bukata da za a baro-baro kunshe a asibiti gwaji domin wadannan kungiyoyi za su amfana daga ilmi tsiwirwirinsu by wadannan gwaji.

Bugu da ƙari, tambayoyi game da kariya da kuma access, qa'ida ta shari'a ne sau da yawa fassara tada tambayoyi game da m ramuwa ga mahalarta-tambayoyi wanda su ne batun m muhawara a likita xa'a (Dickert and Grady 2008) .

Da ake ji da manufa na Justice zuwa uku misalai yayi duk da haka wani hanya zuwa kimanta su. Mahalarta a babu wani daga cikin karatu an cika financially. Encore kiwata mafi hadaddun tambayoyi game da manufa na shari'a. Yayin da manufa na karimci iya bayar da shawarar ban da mahalarta daga kasashen da haramta shi gwamnatoci, da manufa na Justice iya jayayya da musun wadannan mutane da yiwuwar takara in-da-amfana daga m ma'aunai na Internet katsalandan. The hali na dandana, huldar, kuma Time kuma kiwata tambayoyi. A wannan yanayin, wanda kungiyar dalibai Bears nauyi na gudanar da bincike da kuma al'umma a matsayin dukan amfanin. To a fili, duk da haka, wannan ba wani musamman m yawan. A karshe, a Wani tunanin Contagion mahalarta kasance samfuri daga yawan mafi kusantar su amfana daga sakamakon da bincike, a halin da ake ciki da masu hada kai tare da qa'ida ta shari'a.