3.1 Gabatarwa

Masu bincike suka yi nazarin dabbobin ruwa ba zai iya tambayar su tambayoyi. Saboda haka, da dabbar dolfin masu bincike suna tilasta nazarin hali. Masu bincike suka yi nazarin mutane, a daya hannun, ya kamata dauki amfani da gaskiyar cewa mu mahalarta iya magana. Tambayar mutane tambayoyi ya kasance wani muhimmin ɓangare na zamantakewa da bincike na dogon lokaci, da kuma digital shekaru biyu sa da kuma bukatar wasu canje-canje a cikin binciken da bincike. Duk da mummunan zato cewa wasu binciken masu bincike a halin yanzu ji, na sa ran cewa digital shekaru da yake faruwa a zinariya shekaru binciken bincike.

A tarihin binciken bincike za a iya wajen zuwa kashi uku overlapping yanayi dazamani, rabu da biyu ya tsaya takarar mulki (Groves 2011; Converse 1987) . Yanzu muna cikin wani zamani na mika mulki tsakanin biyu da na uku yanayi dazamani, amma na farko da kuma na biyu yanayi dazamani-kazalika da mika mulki a tsakãninsu-samar da haske game da makomar binciken bincike.

A lokacin farko na zamanin binciken bincike, wajen 1930 - 1960, aukuwa a kimiyya daukan samfur da tambayoyi zane hankali sa a cikin wani zamani fahimtar binciken bincike. Na farko zamanin binciken bincike da aka halin yankin yiwuwa daukan samfur da fuskarka-to-face tambayoyi.

Sa'an nan kuma, a fasaha ci gaba-da tartsatsi yadawa na landline wayoyin hannu a cikin m kasashen-ƙarshe ya kai ga na biyu zamanin binciken bincike. Wannan karo na biyu zamanin, wajen daga 1960 - 2000, aka halin bazuwar lambar bugun kira (RDD) yiwuwa daukan samfur da tarho hira. The canji daga na farko zuwa na biyu zamanin zamanin sa a manyan ƙaruwa a dace da kuma rage-rage a cost. Mutane da yawa masu bincike ganin wannan na biyu zamanin da zinariya shekaru binciken bincike.

Yanzu, wani fasaha ci gaba-da digital shekaru-ƙarshe zai kawo mu ga wani na uku na zamanin binciken bincike. Wannan sauyin da ake kore ta biyu da tura da ja dalilai. A wani bangare, masu bincike da ake tilasta canza saboda fuskantar daga na biyu zamanin an watse saukar a cikin digital shekaru (Meyer, Mok, and Sullivan 2015) . Alal misali, more kuma mafi gidajensu ba su da landline tarho da kuma wadanda ba mayar da martani rates-weights suka dauka samfur amma ba su shiga a cikin safiyo-an kara (Council 2013) . Lokaci daya tare da wannan rashin lafiya na biyu-zamanin halarci to daukan samfur da tambayoyi, akwai kara samuwan babban data kafofin (duba Babi na 2) da ya bayyana wa barazana maye gurbin safiyo. Bugu da kari wadannan tura dalilai, akwai kuma ja dalilai: uku zamanin fuskanci bayar m damar, kamar yadda Zan nuna a cikin wannan babi. Ko da yake abubuwa ba su kaucewa zaunar yet, na sa ran cewa ta uku zamanin binciken bincike za a halin da wadanda ba yiwuwar daukan samfur da kwamfuta-gudanar tambayoyi. Bugu da ari, ko da yake a baya yanayi dazamani aka halin da hanyoyin daukan samfur da tambayoyi, na sa ran cewa ta uku zamanin binciken bincike ma za a halin da hada huldodi na safiyo da babban data kafofin (Table 3.1).

The miƙa mulki tsakanin biyu da na uku yanayi dazamani na binciken bincike ya ba da gaba daya m, kuma akwai lokatan m muhawara game da yadda masu bincike ya kamata ci gaba. Neman baya a kan sauyin tsakanin farko da na biyu yanayi dazamani, ina ganin akwai wani key m mana yanzu: farkon ba karshen. Wancan ne, da farko mutane da yawa biyu-zamanin hanyoyin kasance ad-gadi kuma bai yi aiki ba sosai. Amma, ta hanyar aiki, masu bincike warware wadannan matsaloli, da kuma na biyu-zamanin fuskanci ƙarshe suka fi na farko-zamanin fuskanci. Alal misali, masu bincike, da aka yi tarho bazuwar lambar bugun kira ga mutane da yawa kafin Mitofsky da Waksberg ɓullo da wani bazuwar lambar bugun kira daukan samfur hanya cewa yana da kyau m da msar tambayar Properties (Waksberg 1978; Brick and Tucker 2007) . Saboda haka, ya kamata mu ba dame yanzu jihar na uku zamanin fuskanci da matuƙar sakamakon. A tarihin binciken bincike ya bayyana sarai cewa filin faro, kore da canje-canje a fasaha da kuma al'umma. Babu wata hanyar da ta dakatar da ci gaba. Maimakon haka, ya kamata mu rungumi shi, alhãli kuwa ci gaba da kusantar hikima daga baya yanayi dazamani. A gaskiya, na yi imani da cewa digital shekaru zai zama mafi m shekaru yet for tambayar mutane tambayoyi.

The saura daga cikin babi fara da jayayya da cewa babban data kafofin ba zai maye gurbin safiyo da kuma cewa yawan data ƙaruwa-ba rage-rage-darajar safiyo (Sashe 3.2). Ganin cewa dalili, zan takaita total binciken kuskure tsarin (Sashe 3.3) da aka ɓullo da a lokacin farko da biyu yanayi dazamani na binciken bincike. Wannan tsarin sa mu mu fahimci sabon hanyoyin misali-musamman, wadanda ba yiwuwa samfurori (Sashe 3.4) -and sabon hanyoyin ji-musamman, sababbin hanyoyin yin tambayoyi ga weights (Sashe 3.5). A karshe, zan bayyana biyu bincike shaci ga cudanya binciken bayanai zuwa babban data kafofin (Sashe 3.6).