Ana iya rarraba tarin bayanai, kuma a nan gaba zai iya haɗawa da fasaha da kuma sa hannu.
Kamar yadda eBird ya nuna, rarraba bayanai za a iya amfani dashi don binciken kimiyya. Bugu da ari, PhotoCity ya nuna cewa matsalolin da aka danganta da samfur da kuma ingancin bayanai suna iya warwarewa. Ta yaya za a rarraba ayyukan tattara bayanai don nazarin zamantakewa? Ɗaya daga cikin misalin Susan Watkins da abokan aiki a kan Wasikun Labarun Malawi (Watkins and Swidler 2009; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti 2015) . A cikin wannan aikin, mazauna 22 mazauna gida-da ake kira "'yan jarida" - sune "mujallu na mu'amala" wanda aka rubuta, dalla-dalla, maganganun da suka ji game da cutar AIDS a rayuwar yau da kullum (a lokacin da aka fara aikin, kimanin kashi 15 cikin dari na manya a Malawi sun kamu da kwayar cutar HIV (Bello, Chipeta, and Aberle-Grasse 2006) ). Saboda matsayinsu na matsakaici, wadannan 'yan jaridu sun iya yin magana akan tattaunawar da watakila Watkins da abokan aikinsa na Yammacin Yamma suka yi ba zai yiwu ba (Zan tattauna dabarun wannan daga baya a cikin sura lokacin da na ba da shawara game da tsara tsarin aikin haɗin kai) . Bayanai daga Littafin Labarai na Malawi sun jagoranci abubuwa masu muhimmanci. Alal misali, kafin aikin ya fara, mutane da yawa daga waje sunyi imani da cewa akwai shiru game da cutar kanjamau a yankin Saharar Afrika, amma mujallolin mu'amala sun nuna cewa wannan ba haka ba ne: 'yan jarida sun saurari daruruwan tattaunawa game da batun, a wurare daban daban jana'iza, sanduna, da majami'u. Bugu da ari, yanayin irin wannan tattaunawa ya taimaka wa masu bincike su fahimci wasu daga cikin juriya da amfani da kwaroron roba. yadda hanyar amfani da robar roba ta kasance a cikin sakonnin kiwon lafiyar jama'a ba daidai ba ne da yadda aka tattauna a rayuwar yau da kullum (Tavory and Swidler 2009) .
Tabbas, kamar bayanan daga eBird, bayanai daga Littafin Labarun Malawi ba cikakke ba ne, batun da Watkins da abokan aiki suka tattauna dalla-dalla. Alal misali, maganganun da aka yi rikodi ba samfurin samfurin kowane tattaunawa ba ne. Maimakon haka, ba su da cikakkiyar yawan ƙididdiga game da cutar AIDS. A dangane da ingancin bayanai, masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa jaridun su 'yan jaridu ne masu daraja, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar daidaito a cikin mujallu da kuma sauran mujallu. Wato, saboda yawancin 'yan jaridu da aka tura su a wuri mai ƙananan wuri kuma suna mayar da hankali akan wani batu na musamman, zai yiwu a yi amfani da sake yin rajista don tantancewa da tabbatar da ingancin bayanai. Alal misali, wani ma'aikacin jima'i mai suna "Stella" ya nuna sau da yawa a cikin mujallolin jaridu hudu (Watkins and Swidler 2009) . Domin ci gaba da gina bangaskiyarka, tebur 5.3 ya nuna wasu misalai na rarraba bayanai don nazarin zamantakewa.
Bayanin da aka tattara | Magana |
---|---|
Tattaunawa game da cutar kanjamau da Malawi | Watkins and Swidler (2009) ; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti (2015) |
Street mai rokon a London | Purdam (2014) |
Harkokin rikice-rikice a Gabashin Congo | Windt and Humphreys (2016) |
Harkokin tattalin arziki a Nijeriya da Laberiya | Blumenstock, Keleher, and Reisinger (2016) |
Gudanar da cutar | Noort et al. (2015) |
Dukkan misalan da aka bayyana a cikin wannan sashe sunyi aiki tare da aiki: 'yan jarida sunyi fassarorin da suka ji; 'yan tsuntsu sun ɗebo sunayen su na birding; ko 'yan wasan sun kwashe hotuna. Amma idan idan haɓaka ya kasance na atomatik kuma basu buƙatar kowane fasaha ko lokacin da za a sallama? Wannan shi ne alkawalin da aka bayar ta "fahimtar haɓaka" ko "tunanin mutane". Misali, Pothole Patrol, wani shiri na masana kimiyya a MIT, ya sanya matakan gaggawa na GPS a cikin caji bakwai a cikin Boston (Eriksson et al. 2008) . Saboda tuki a kan tukunyar ruwa yana nuna siginar haɓakaccen hanzari, wadannan na'urorin, lokacin da aka sanya su a cikin motsi masu motsi, zasu iya ƙirƙirar tashar jiragen ruwa na Boston. Tabbas, taksi ba su da wata hanya ta hanyoyi, amma, da aka ba da takaddun haraji, akwai cikakken isasshen ɗaukar hoto don samar da bayanai game da manyan wuraren da suke birni. Amfani na biyu na m tsarin da ke dogara da fasaha shi ne sun fahimci tsarin samar da bayanai: yayin da yake buƙatar fasaha don taimakawa ga eBird (saboda kana buƙatar samun damar gane tsuntsaye), bazai buƙatar ƙwarewar musamman ba taimaka wa Pothole Patrol.
Idan muka ci gaba, Ina tsammanin yawancin ayyukan tattara abubuwan tattara bayanai zasu fara amfani da damar wayar tarhon tafi-da-gidanka wanda mutane da yawa ke kaiwa a duniya. Waɗannan wayoyi sun riga sun sami babban adadin maɓuɓɓuka masu mahimmanci don aunawa, kamar muryoyi, kyamarori, na'urorin GPS, da kuma agogo. Bugu da ari, suna goyi bayan aikace-aikacen ɓangare na uku wanda ke sa masu bincike su sami iko kan ka'idodi masu tarin bayanai. A ƙarshe, suna da Intanit, suna sa su yiwu su kashe-load da bayanai da suka tattara. Akwai ƙalubalen kalubalen da yawa, daga matakan da basu dace ba don iyakancewar baturi, amma waɗannan matsalolin zasu iya raguwa a yayin da fasaha ke tasowa. Abubuwan da suka danganci tsare sirri da kuma xa'a, a gefe guda, na iya samun ƙarin rikitarwa; Zan dawo tambayoyin dabi'a idan na ba da shawara game da zayyana haɗin gwiwarka.
A cikin ayyukan tattara bayanai, masu bayar da taimako suna bayar da bayanai game da duniya. An riga an yi amfani da wannan tsarin ta hanyar nasara, kuma amfanin da zai yi amfani da shi zai yiwu ya magance samfur da kuma damuwa na bayanai. Abin farin ciki, ayyukan da ake ciki kamar PhotoCity da Pothole Patrol sun bayar da shawarar magance wadannan matsalolin. Kamar yadda karin ayyukan ke amfani da fasahar da ke ba da damar yin amfani da ƙwarewa da kuma raguwa, rarraba ayyukan tattara tattara bayanai ya kamata ya karu a sikelin, yana sa masu bincike su tattara bayanai da suka rage iyaka a baya.